ShaderMaterial材质介绍和使用
- 1.ShaderMaterial材质介绍
- 2.demo说明
- 3.demo代码
1.ShaderMaterial材质介绍
ShaderMaterial材质是Three.js库中功能最丰富、最复杂的一种材质，使用ShaderMaterial材质可以定制自己的着色器，直接在WebGL环境中运行，在此只根据书本中提供的示例通过vue渲染出来，后续需要在WebGL花大量精力学习，先介绍几个ShaderMaterial材质的属性
属性 | 描述 |
flatShading（原属性shading） | 该属性用来设置着色方法，是否用平面着色器着色，true:表示平面着色(THREE.FlagShading)，false:表示平滑着色(THREE.SmoothShading) |
vertexColors | 可以通过这个属性给每个顶点定义不同的颜色， |
fog | 该属性指定当前材质是否受全局雾化效果影响 |
fragmentShader | 像素着色器，这个着色器定义的是每个传入像素的颜色 |
vertexShader | 顶点着色器，这个着色器允许修改每一个传入的顶点位置 |
uniforms | 这个属性可以向你的着色器发信息，同样的信息会发到每一个顶点和片段 |
defines | 这个属性的值可以转换成fragmentShader和vertexShader里的#define代码片段。该属性可以用来设置着色器程序里的一些全局变量 |
defaultAttributeValues（原属性attributes） | 该属性可以修改每个顶点和片段，通常用来传递位置数据和与法向量相关的数据，如果使用这个属性要为几何体中所有顶点提供信息 |
lights | 该属性定义光照数据是否传递给着色器，默认值为false |
2.demo说明
如上图，由ShaderMaterial材质创建的几何体动态的旋转和变换
3.demo代码
<template>
<div id="container"></div>
</template>
<script>
import * as THREE from 'three'
import { OrbitControls } from 'three/examples/jsm/controls/OrbitControls.js'
export default {
data () {
return {
vertexShader: '',
shaderMaterials: {},
cube: null,
camera: null,
scene: null,
renderer: null,
controls: null
}
},
mounted () {
this.init()
},
methods: {
// 初始化
init () {
this.initShaderMaterialsData() // 初始化着色器材质
this.createScene() // 创建场景
this.createMesh() // 创建网格模型
this.createLight() // 创建光源
this.createCamera() // 创建相机
this.createRender() // 创建渲染器
this.createControls() // 创建控件对象
this.render() // 渲染
},
initShaderMaterialsData () {
this.vertexShader = `
uniform float time;
varying vec2 vUv;
void main()
{
vec3 posChanged = position;
posChanged.x = posChanged.x*(abs(sin(time*1.0)));
posChanged.y = posChanged.y*(abs(cos(time*1.0)));
posChanged.z = posChanged.z*(abs(sin(time*1.0)));
//gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(position*(abs(sin(time)/2.0)+0.5),1.0);
gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4(posChanged,1.0);
}`
this.shaderMaterials['fragment-shader-1'] = `precision highp float;
uniform float time;
uniform float alpha;
uniform vec2 resolution;
varying vec2 vUv;
void main2(void)
{
vec2 position = vUv;
float red = 1.0;
float green = 0.25 + sin(time) * 0.25;
float blue = 0.0;
vec3 rgb = vec3(red, green, blue);
vec4 color = vec4(rgb, alpha);
gl_FragColor = color;
}
#define PI 3.14159
#define TWO_PI (PI*2.0)
#define N 68.5
void main(void)
{
vec2 center = (gl_FragCoord.xy);
center.x=-10.12*sin(time/200.0);
center.y=-10.12*cos(time/200.0);
vec2 v = (gl_FragCoord.xy - resolution/20.0) / min(resolution.y,resolution.x) * 15.0;
v.x=v.x-10.0;
v.y=v.y-200.0;
float col = 0.0;
for(float i = 0.0; i < N; i++)
{
float a = i * (TWO_PI/N) * 61.95;
col += cos(TWO_PI*(v.y * cos(a) + v.x * sin(a) + sin(time*0.004)*100.0 ));
}
col /= 5.0;
gl_FragColor = vec4(col*1.0, -col*1.0,-col*4.0, 1.0);
}`
this.shaderMaterials['fragment-shader-2'] = `
uniform float time;
uniform vec2 resolution;
#define CGFloat float
#define M_PI 3.14159265359
vec3 hsvtorgb(float h, float s, float v)
{
float c = v * s;
h = mod((h * 6.0), 6.0);
float x = c * (1.0 - abs(mod(h, 2.0) - 1.0));
vec3 color;
if (0.0 <= h && h < 1.0)
{
color = vec3(c, x, 0.0);
}
else if (1.0 <= h && h < 2.0)
{
color = vec3(x, c, 0.0);
}
else if (2.0 <= h && h < 3.0)
{
color = vec3(0.0, c, x);
}
else if (3.0 <= h && h < 4.0)
{
color = vec3(0.0, x, c);
}
else if (4.0 <= h && h < 5.0)
{
color = vec3(x, 0.0, c);
}
else if (5.0 <= h && h < 6.0)
{
color = vec3(c, 0.0, x);
}
else
{
color = vec3(0.0);
}
color += v - c;
return color;
}
void main(void)
{
vec2 position = (gl_FragCoord.xy - 0.5 * resolution) / resolution.y;
float x = position.x;
float y = position.y;
CGFloat a = atan(x, y);
CGFloat d = sqrt(x*x+y*y);
CGFloat d0 = 0.5*(sin(d-time)+1.5)*d;
CGFloat d1 = 5.0;
CGFloat u = mod(a*d1+sin(d*10.0+time), M_PI*2.0)/M_PI*0.5 - 0.5;
CGFloat v = mod(pow(d0*4.0, 0.75),1.0) - 0.5;
CGFloat dd = sqrt(u*u+v*v);
CGFloat aa = atan(u, v);
CGFloat uu = mod(aa*3.0+3.0*cos(dd*30.0-time), M_PI*2.0)/M_PI*0.5 - 0.5;
CGFloat d2 = sqrt(uu*uu+v*v)*1.5;
gl_FragColor = vec4( hsvtorgb(dd+time*0.5/d1, sin(dd*time), d2), 1.0 );
}`
this.shaderMaterials['fragment-shader-3'] = `uniform vec2 resolution;
uniform float time;
vec2 rand(vec2 pos)
{
return fract( 0.00005 * (pow(pos+2.0, pos.yx + 1.0) * 22222.0));
}
vec2 rand2(vec2 pos)
{
return rand(rand(pos));
}
float softnoise(vec2 pos, float scale)
{
vec2 smplpos = pos * scale;
float c0 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(0.0, 0.0)) / scale).x;
float c1 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(1.0, 0.0)) / scale).x;
float c2 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(0.0, 1.0)) / scale).x;
float c3 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(1.0, 1.0)) / scale).x;
vec2 a = fract(smplpos);
return mix(
mix(c0, c1, smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, a.x)),
mix(c2, c3, smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, a.x)),
smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, a.y));
}
void main(void)
{
vec2 pos = gl_FragCoord.xy / resolution.y;
pos.x += time * 0.1;
float color = 0.0;
float s = 1.0;
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
color += softnoise(pos+vec2(i)*0.02, s * 4.0) / s / 2.0;
s *= 2.0;
}
gl_FragColor = vec4(color);
}`
this.shaderMaterials['fragment-shader-4'] = `uniform float time;
uniform vec2 resolution;
vec2 rand(vec2 pos)
{
return fract((pow(pos+2.0,pos.yx+2.0)*555555.0));
}
vec2 rand2(vec2 pos)
{
return rand(rand(pos));
}
float softnoise(vec2 pos, float scale) {
vec2 smplpos = pos * scale;
float c0 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(0.0, 0.0)) / scale).x;
float c1 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(1.0, 0.0)) / scale).x;
float c2 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(0.0, 1.0)) / scale).x;
float c3 = rand2((floor(smplpos) + vec2(1.0, 1.0)) / scale).x;
vec2 a = fract(smplpos);
return mix(mix(c0, c1, smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, a.x)),
mix(c2, c3, smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, a.x)),
smoothstep(0.0, 1.0, a.x));
}
void main( void ) {
vec2 pos = gl_FragCoord.xy / resolution.y - time * 0.4;
float color = 0.0;
float s = 1.0;
for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {
color += softnoise(pos + vec2(0.01 * float(i)), s * 4.0) / s / 2.0;
s *= 2.0;
}
gl_FragColor = vec4(color,mix(color,cos(color),sin(color)),color,1);
}`
this.shaderMaterials['fragment-shader-5'] = `uniform float time;
uniform vec2 resolution;
void main( void ) {
vec3 color = vec3(1.0, 0., 0.);
vec2 pos = (( 1.4 * gl_FragCoord.xy - resolution.xy) / resolution.xx)*1.5;
float r=sqrt(pos.x*pos.x+pos.y*pos.y)/15.0;
float size1=2.0*cos(time/60.0);
float size2=2.5*sin(time/12.1);
float rot1=13.00; //82.0+16.0*sin(time/4.0);
float rot2=-50.00; //82.0+16.0*sin(time/8.0);
float t=sin(time);
float a = (60.0)*sin(rot1*atan(pos.x-size1*pos.y/r,pos.y+size1*pos.x/r)+time);
a += 200.0*acos(pos.x*2.0+cos(time/2.0))+asin(pos.y*5.0+sin(time/2.0));
a=a*(r/50.0);
a=200.0*sin(a*5.0)*(r/30.0);
if(a>5.0) a=a/200.0;
if(a<0.5) a=a*22.5;
gl_FragColor = vec4( cos(a/20.0),a*cos(a/200.0),sin(a/8.0), 1.0 );
}`
this.shaderMaterials['fragment-shader-6'] = `uniform float time;
uniform vec2 resolution;
void main( void )
{
vec2 uPos = ( gl_FragCoord.xy / resolution.xy );//normalize wrt y axis
//suPos -= vec2((resolution.x/resolution.y)/2.0, 0.0);//shift origin to center
uPos.x -= 1.0;
uPos.y -= 0.5;
vec3 color = vec3(0.0);
float vertColor = 2.0;
for( float i = 0.0; i < 15.0; ++i )
{
float t = time * (0.9);
uPos.y += sin( uPos.x*i + t+i/2.0 ) * 0.1;
float fTemp = abs(1.0 / uPos.y / 100.0);
vertColor += fTemp;
color += vec3( fTemp*(10.0-i)/10.0, fTemp*i/10.0, pow(fTemp,1.5)*1.5 );
}
vec4 color_final = vec4(color, 1.0);
gl_FragColor = color_final;
}`
},
// 创建场景
createScene () {
this.scene = new THREE.Scene()
},
// 创建网格模型
createMesh () {
const cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(20, 20, 20) // 创建方块几何对象
const meshMaterial1 = this.createMaterial('fragment-shader-1')
const meshMaterial2 = this.createMaterial('fragment-shader-2')
const meshMaterial3 = this.createMaterial('fragment-shader-3')
const meshMaterial4 = this.createMaterial('fragment-shader-4')
const meshMaterial5 = this.createMaterial('fragment-shader-5')
const meshMaterial6 = this.createMaterial('fragment-shader-6')
const material = [
meshMaterial1,
meshMaterial2,
meshMaterial3,
meshMaterial4,
meshMaterial5,
meshMaterial6
]
this.cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, material)
// 方块添加到场景
this.scene.add(this.cube)
},
// 创建着色器材质
createMaterial (fragmentShader) {
// 通过uniforms属性传递的变量可以在着色器程序中使用
const uniforms = {
time: {
type: 'f',
value: 0.2
},
scale: {
type: 'f',
value: 0.2
},
alpha: {
type: 'f',
value: 0.6
},
resolution: {
type: 'v2',
value: new THREE.Vector2()
}
}
const element = document.getElementById('container')
uniforms.resolution.value.x = element.clientWidth
uniforms.resolution.value.y = element.clientHeight
const meshMaterial = new THREE.ShaderMaterial({
uniforms: uniforms,
vertexShader: this.vertexShader,
fragmentShader: this.shaderMaterials[fragmentShader],
transparent: true
})
return meshMaterial
},
// 创建光源
createLight () {
// 环境光
const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0xffffff, 0.1) // 创建环境光
this.scene.add(ambientLight) // 将环境光添加到场景
const spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff) // 创建聚光灯
spotLight.position.set(-40, 60, -10)
spotLight.castShadow = true
this.scene.add(spotLight)
},
// 创建相机
createCamera () {
const element = document.getElementById('container')
const width = element.clientWidth // 窗口宽度
const height = element.clientHeight // 窗口高度
const k = width / height // 窗口宽高比
// PerspectiveCamera( fov, aspect, near, far )
this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(35, k, 0.1, 1000)
this.camera.position.set(-80, 60, 40) // 设置相机位置
this.camera.lookAt(new THREE.Vector3(10, 0, 0)) // 设置相机方向
this.scene.add(this.camera)
},
// 创建渲染器
createRender () {
const element = document.getElementById('container')
this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true, alpha: true })
this.renderer.setSize(element.clientWidth, element.clientHeight) // 设置渲染区域尺寸
this.renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true // 显示阴影
this.renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap
this.renderer.setClearColor(new THREE.Color(0x000000, 1.0)) // 设置背景颜色
element.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement)
},
// 更新属性
updateFun () {
this.cube.rotation.y += 0.01
this.cube.rotation.x += 0.01
this.cube.rotation.z += 0.01
this.cube.material.forEach(function (e) {
e.uniforms.time.value += 0.01
})
},
render () {
this.updateFun()
this.renderer.render(this.scene, this.camera)
requestAnimationFrame(this.render)
},
// 创建控件对象
createControls () {
this.controls = new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement)
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
#container {
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
</style>
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