文件上传在web应用中非常普遍,要在jsp环境中实现文件上传功能是非常容易的,因为网上有许多用java开发的文件上传组件,本文以commons-fileupload组件为例,为jsp应用添加文件上传功能。


common-fileupload组件是apache的一个开源项目之一,可以从 http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/fileupload/

下载。

用该组件可实现一次上传一个或多个文件,并可限制文件大小。


下载后解压zip包,将commons-fileupload-1.0.jar复制到tomcat的webapps你的webappWEB-INFlib下,目录不存在请自建目录。
新建一个servlet: Upload.java用于文件上传:

import java.io.*;
 import java.util.*;
 import javax.servlet.*;
 import javax.servlet.http.*;
 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.*;

 public class Upload extends HttpServlet {

 private String uploadPath = "C:upload"; // 上传文件的目录
 private String tempPath = "C:uploadtmp"; // 临时文件目录

 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
 HttpServletResponse response)
 throws IOException, ServletException
 {
 }
 }
 在doPost()方法中,当servlet收到浏览器发出的Post请求后,实现文件上传。以下是示例代码:
 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
 HttpServletResponse response)
 throws IOException, ServletException
 {
 try {
 DiskFileUpload fu = new DiskFileUpload();
 // 设置最大文件尺寸,这里是4MB
 fu.setSizeMax(4194304);
 // 设置缓冲区大小,这里是4kb
 fu.setSizeThreshold(4096);
 // 设置临时目录:
 fu.setRepositoryPath(tempPath);

 // 得到所有的文件:
 List fileItems = fu.parseRequest(request);
 Iterator i = fileItems.iterator();
 // 依次处理每一个文件:
 while(i.hasNext()) {
 FileItem fi = (FileItem)i.next();
 // 获得文件名,这个文件名包括路径:
 String fileName = fi.getName();
 // 在这里可以记录用户和文件信息
 // ...
 // 写入文件,暂定文件名为a.txt,可以从fileName中提取文件名:
 fi.write(new File(uploadPath + "a.txt"));
 }
 }
 catch(Exception e) {
 // 可以跳转出错页面
 }
 }
 如果要在配置文件中读取指定的上传文件夹,可以在init()方法中执行:
 public void init() throws ServletException {
 uploadPath = ....
 tempPath = ....
 // 文件夹不存在就自动创建:
 if(!new File(uploadPath).isDirectory())
 new File(uploadPath).mkdirs();
 if(!new File(tempPath).isDirectory())
 new File(tempPath).mkdirs();
 }
 编译该servlet,注意要指定classpath,确保包含commons-upload-1.0.jar和tomcatcommonlibservlet-api.jar。
 配置servlet,用记事本打开tomcatwebapps你的webappWEB-INFweb.xml,没有的话新建一个。
 典型配置如下:
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
 <!DOCTYPE web-app
 PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

 <web-app>
 <servlet>
 <servlet-name>Upload</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>Upload</servlet-class>
 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>Upload</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>/fileupload</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>
 </web-app>
 配置好servlet后,启动tomcat,写一个简单的html测试:
 <form action="fileupload" method="post"
 enctype="multipart/form-data" name="form1">
 <input type="file" name="file">
 <input type="submit" name="Submit" value="upload">
 </form>
 注意action="fileupload"其中fileupload是配置servlet时指定的url-pattern。 


 下面是某个大虾的代码:

 这个Upload比smartUpload好用多了.完全是我一个个byte调试出来的,不象smartUpload的bug具多.
 调用方法:
 Upload up = new Upload();
 up.init(request);
 /**
 此处可以调用setSaveDir(String saveDir);设置保存路径
 调用setMaxFileSize(long size)设置上传文件的最大字节.
 调用setTagFileName(String)设置上传后文件的名字(只对第一个文件有效)
 */
 up. uploadFile();

 然后String[] names = up.getFileName();得到上传的文件名,文件绝对路径应该是
 保存的目录saveDir+"/"+names[i];
 可以通过up.getParameter("field");得到上传的文本或up.getParameterValues("filed")
 得到同名字段如多个checkBox的值.
 其它的自己试试.

 源码:____________________________________________________________
 package com.inmsg.beans;

 import java.io.*;
 import java.util.*;
 import javax.servlet.*;
 import javax.servlet.http.*;

 public class Upload {
 private String saveDir = "."; //要保存文件的路径
 private String contentType = ""; //文档类型
 private String charset = ""; //字符集
 private ArrayList tmpFileName = new ArrayList(); //临时存放文件名的数据结构
 private Hashtable parameter = new Hashtable(); //存放参数名和值的数据结构
 private ServletContext context; //程序上下文,用于初始化
 private HttpServletRequest request; //用于传入请求对象的实例
 private String boundary = ""; //内存数据的分隔符
 private int len = 0; //每次从内在中实际读到的字节长度
 private String queryString;
 private int count; //上载的文件总数
 private String[] fileName; //上载的文件名数组
 private long maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024 * 10; //最大文件上载字节;
 private String tagFileName = "";

 public final void init(HttpServletRequest request) throws ServletException {
 this.request = request;
 boundary = request.getContentType().substring(30); //得到内存中数据分界符
 queryString = request.getQueryString();
 }

 public String getParameter(String s) { //用于得到指定字段的参数值,重写request.getParameter(String s)
 if (parameter.isEmpty()) {
 return null;
 }
 return (String) parameter.get(s);
 }

 public String[] getParameterValues(String s) { //用于得到指定同名字段的参数数组,重写request.getParameterValues(String s)
 ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
 if (parameter.isEmpty()) {
 return null;
 }
 Enumeration e = parameter.keys();
 while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
 String key = (String) e.nextElement();
 if ( -1 != key.indexOf(s + "||||||||||") || key.equals(s)) {
 al.add(parameter.get(key));
 }
 }
 if (al.size() == 0) {
 return null;
 }
 String[] value = new String[al.size()];
 for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
 value[i] = (String) al.get(i);
 }
 return value;
 }

 public String getQueryString() {
 return queryString;
 }

 public int getCount() {
 return count;
 }

 public String[] getFileName() {
 return fileName;
 }

 public void setMaxFileSize(long size) {
 maxFileSize = size;
 }

 public void setTagFileName(String filename) {
 tagFileName = filename;
 }

 public void setSaveDir(String saveDir) { //设置上载文件要保存的路径
 this.saveDir = saveDir;
 File testdir = new File(saveDir); //为了保证目录存在,如果没有则新建该目录
 if (!testdir.exists()) {
 testdir.mkdirs();
 }
 }

 public void setCharset(String charset) { //设置字符集
 this.charset = charset;
 }

 public boolean uploadFile() throws ServletException, IOException { //用户调用的上载方法
 setCharset(request.getCharacterEncoding());
 return uploadFile(request.getInputStream());
 }

 private boolean uploadFile(ServletInputStream servletinputstream) throws //取得央存数据的主方法
 ServletException, IOException {
 String line = null;
 byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
 while ( (line = readLine(buffer, servletinputstream, charset)) != null) {
 if (line.startsWith("Content-Disposition: form-data;")) {
 int i = line.indexOf("filename=");
 if (i >= 0) { //如果一段分界符内的描述中有filename=,说明是文件的编码内容
 String fName = getFileName(line);
 if (fName.equals("")) {
 continue;
 }
 if (count == 0 && tagFileName.length() != 0) {
 String ext = fName.substring( (fName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1));
 fName = tagFileName + "." + ext;
 }
 tmpFileName.add(fName);
 count++;
 while ( (line = readLine(buffer, servletinputstream, charset)) != null) {
 if (line.length() <= 2) {
 break;
 }
 }
 File f = new File(saveDir, fName);
 FileOutputStream dos = new FileOutputStream(f);
 long size = 0l;
 while ( (line = readLine(buffer, servletinputstream, null)) != null) {
 if (line.indexOf(boundary) != -1) {
 break;
 }
 size += len;
 if (size > maxFileSize) {
 throw new IOException("文件超过" + maxFileSize + "字节!");
 }
 dos.write(buffer, 0, len);
 }
 dos.close();
 }
 else { //否则是字段编码的内容
 String key = getKey(line);
 String value = "";
 while ( (line = readLine(buffer, servletinputstream, charset)) != null) {
 if (line.length() <= 2) {
 break;
 }
 }
 while ( (line = readLine(buffer, servletinputstream, charset)) != null) {

 if (line.indexOf(boundary) != -1) {
 break;
 }
 value += line;
 }
 put(key, value.trim(), parameter);
 }
 }
 }
 if (queryString != null) {
 String[] each = split(queryString, "&");
 for (int k = 0; k < each.length; k++) {
 String[] nv = split(each[k], "=");
 if (nv.length == 2) {
 put(nv[0], nv[1], parameter);
 }
 }
 }
 fileName = new String[tmpFileName.size()];
 for (int k = 0; k < fileName.length; k++) {
 fileName[k] = (String) tmpFileName.get(k); //把ArrayList中临时文件名倒入数据中供用户调用
 }
 if (fileName.length == 0) {
 return false; //如果fileName数据为空说明没有上载任何文件
 }
 return true;
 }

 private void put(String key, String value, Hashtable ht) {
 if (!ht.containsKey(key)) {
 ht.put(key, value);
 }
 else { //如果已经有了同名的KEY,就要把当前的key更名,同时要注意不能构成和KEY同名
 try {
 Thread.currentThread().sleep(1); //为了不在同一ms中产生两个相同的key
 }
 catch (Exception e) {}
 key += "||||||||||" + System.currentTimeMillis();
 ht.put(key, value);
 }
 }

 /*
 调用ServletInputstream.readLine(byte[] b,int offset,length)方法,该方法是从ServletInputstream流中读一行
 到指定的byte数组,为了保证能够容纳一行,该byte[]b不应该小于256,重写的readLine中,调用了一个成员变量len为
 实际读到的字节数(有的行不满256),则在文件内容写入时应该从byte数组中写入这个len长度的字节而不是整个byte[]
 的长度,但重写的这个方法返回的是String以便分析实际内容,不能返回len,所以把len设为成员变量,在每次读操作时
 把实际长度赋给它.
 也就是说在处理到文件的内容时数据既要以String形式返回以便分析开始和结束标记,又要同时以byte[]的形式写到文件
 输出流中.
 */
 private String readLine(byte[] Linebyte,
 ServletInputStream servletinputstream, String charset) {
 try {
 len = servletinputstream.readLine(Linebyte, 0, Linebyte.length);
 if (len == -1) {
 return null;
 }
 if (charset == null) {
 return new String(Linebyte, 0, len);
 }
 else {
 return new String(Linebyte, 0, len, charset);
 }

 }
 catch (Exception _ex) {
 return null;
 }

 }

 private String getFileName(String line) { //从描述字符串中分离出文件名
 if (line == null) {
 return "";
 }
 int i = line.indexOf("filename=");
 line = line.substring(i + 9).trim();
 i = line.lastIndexOf("");
 if (i < 0 || i >= line.length() - 1) {
 i = line.lastIndexOf("/");
 if (line.equals("""")) {
 return "";
 }
 if (i < 0 || i >= line.length() - 1) {
 return line;
 }
 }
 return line.substring(i + 1, line.length() - 1);
 }

 private String getKey(String line) { //从描述字符串中分离出字段名
 if (line == null) {
 return "";
 }
 int i = line.indexOf("name=");
 line = line.substring(i + 5).trim();
 return line.substring(1, line.length() - 1);
 }

 public static String[] split(String strOb, String mark) {
 if (strOb == null) {
 return null;
 }
 StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(strOb, mark);
 ArrayList tmp = new ArrayList();
 while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
 tmp.add(st.nextToken());
 }
 String[] strArr = new String[tmp.size()];
 for (int i = 0; i < tmp.size(); i++) {
 strArr[i] = (String) tmp.get(i);
 }
 return strArr;
 }
 } 
下载其实非常简单,只要如下处理,就不会发生问题。

 public void downLoad(String filePath,HttpServletResponse response,boolean isOnLine)
 throws Exception{
 File f = new File(filePath);
 if(!f.exists()){
 response.sendError(404,"File not found!");
 return;
 }
 BufferedInputStream br = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(f));
 byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
 int len = 0;

 response.reset(); //非常重要
 if(isOnLine){ //在线打开方式
 URL u = new URL("file:///"+filePath);
 response.setContentType(u.openConnection().getContentType());
 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "inline; filename="+f.getName());
 //文件名应该编码成UTF-8
 }
 else{ //纯下载方式
 response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload"); 
 response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + f.getName()); 
 }
 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
 while((len = br.read(buf)) >0)
 out.write(buf,0,len);
 br.close();
 out.close();
 }