万能通用！权限系统就该这么设计

RBAC权限分析

RBAC 全称为基于角色的权限控制，本段将会从什么是RBAC，模

思维导图

什么是RBAC

RBAC 全称为用户角色权限控制，通过角色关联用户，角色关联权限，这种方式，间阶的赋予用户的权限，如下图所示

对于通常的系统而言，存在多个用户具有相同的权限，在分配的时候，要为指定的用户分配相关的权限，修改的时候也要依次的对这几个用户的权限进行修改，有了角色这个权限，在修改权限的时候，只需要对角色进行修改，就可以实现相关的权限的修改。这样做增加了效率，减少了权限漏洞的发生。

模型分类

对于RBAC模型来说，分为以下几个模型 分别是RBAC0，RBAC1，RBAC2，RBAC3，这四个模型，这段将会依次介绍这四个模型，其中最常用的模型有RBAC0.

RBAC0

RBAC0是最简单的RBAC模型，这里面包含了两种。

• 用户和角色是多对一的关系，即一个用户只充当一种角色，一个角色可以有多个角色的担当。
• 用户和角色是多对多的关系，即，一个用户可以同时充当多个角色，一个角色可以有多个用户。

此系统功能单一，人员较少，这里举个栗子，张三既是行政，也负责财务，此时张三就有俩个权限，分别是行政权限，和财务权限两个部分。

RBAC1

相对于RBAC0模型来说，增加了子角色，引入了继承的概念。

RBAC2 模型

这里RBAC2模型，在RBAC0模型的基础上，增加了一些功能，以及限制

角色互斥

即，同一个用户不能拥有两个互斥的角色，举个例子，在财务系统中，一个用户不能拥有会计员和审计这两种角色。

基数约束

即，用一个角色，所拥有的成员是固定的，例如对于CEO这种角色，同一个角色，也只能有一个用户。

先决条件

即，对于该角色来说，如果想要获得更高的角色，需要先获取低一级别的角色。举个栗子，对于副总经理和经理这两个权限来说，需要先有副总经理权限，才能拥有经理权限，其中副总经理权限是经理权限的先决条件。

运行时互斥

即，一个用户可以拥有两个角色，但是这俩个角色不能同时使用，需要切换角色才能进入另外一个角色。举个栗子，对于总经理和专员这两个角色，系统只能在一段时间，拥有其一个角色，不能同时对这两种角色进行操作。

RBAC3模型

即，RBAC1，RBAC2，两者模型全部累计，称为统一模型。

什么是权限

权限是资源的集合，这里的资源指的是软件中的所有的内容，即，对页面的操作权限，对页面的访问权限，对数据的增删查改的权限。举个栗子。对于下图中的系统而言，

拥有，计划管理，客户管理，合同管理，出入库通知单管理，粮食安全追溯，粮食统计查询，设备管理这几个页面，对这几个页面的访问，以及是否能够访问到菜单，都属于权限。

用户组的使用

对于用户组来说，是把众多的用户划分为一组，进行批量授予角色，即，批量授予权限。举个栗子，对于部门来说，一个部门拥有一万多个员工，这些员工都拥有相同的角色，如果没有用户组，可能需要一个个的授予相关的角色，在拥有了用户组以后，只需要，把这些用户全部划分为一组，然后对该组设置授予角色，就等同于对这些用户授予角色。

优点：减少工作量，便于理解，增加多级管理，等。

SpringSecurity 简单使用

首先添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

然后添加相关的访问接口

package com.example.demo.web;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class Test {
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test(){
        return "test";
    }
}

最后启动项目，在日志中查看相关的密码

访问接口，可以看到相关的登录界面

输入用户名和相关的密码

用户名：user
密码 984cccf2-ba82-468e-a404-7d32123d0f9c

登录成功

增加用户名和密码

在配置文件中，书写相关的登录和密码

spring:
  security:
    user:
      name: ming
      password: 123456
      roles: admin

在登录页面，输入用户名和密码，即可正常登录

基于内存的认证

需要自定义类继承 WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter 代码如下

package com.example.demo.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;


@Configuration
public class MyWebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Bean
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                .withUser("admin").password("123").roles("admin");
    }
}

即，配置的用户名为admin，密码为123，角色为admin

HttpSecurity

这里对一些方法进行拦截

package com.ming.demo.interceptor;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.TokenBasedRememberMeServices;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig  extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //基于内存的用户存储
    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication()
                .withUser("itguang").password("123456").roles("USER").and()
                .withUser("admin").password("{noop}" + "123456").roles("ADMIN");
    }





    //请求拦截
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .anyRequest().permitAll()
                .and()
                .formLogin()
                .permitAll()
                .and()
                .logout()
                .permitAll();
    }


}

即，这里完成了对所有的方法访问的拦截。

SpringSecurity 集成JWT

这是一个小demo，目的，登录以后返回jwt生成的token

导入依赖

添加web依赖

导入JWT和Security依赖

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.jsonwebtoken/jjwt -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-security -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

创建一个JwtUser实现UserDetails

创建 一个相关的JavaBean

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.util.Collection;

public class JwtUser implements UserDetails {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer state;
    private Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities;
    public JwtUser(){

    }

    public JwtUser(String username, String password, Integer state, Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities){
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.state = state;
        this.authorities = authorities;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
        return authorities;
    }

    @Override
    public String getPassword() {
        return this.password;
    }

    @Override
    public String getUsername() {
        return this.username;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return true;
    }
}

编写工具类生成令牌

编写工具类，用来生成token，以及刷新token，以及验证token

package com.example.demo;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable {
    private String secret;
    private Long expiration;
    private String header;

    private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) {
        Date expirationDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration);
        return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setExpiration(expirationDate).signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();
    }

    private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) {
        Claims claims;
        try {
            claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            claims = null;
        }
        return claims;
    }

    public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(2);
        claims.put("sub", userDetails.getUsername());
        claims.put("created", new Date());
        return generateToken(claims);

    }

    public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
        String username;
        try {
            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            username = claims.getSubject();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            username = null;

        }
        return username;

    }

    public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        try {
            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            Date expiration = claims.getExpiration();
            return expiration.before(new Date());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public String refreshToken(String token) {
        String refreshedToken;
        try {
            Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token);
            claims.put("created", new Date());
            refreshedToken = generateToken(claims);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            refreshedToken = null;

        }
        return refreshedToken;
    }

    public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
        JwtUser user = (JwtUser) userDetails;
        String username = getUsernameFromToken(token);
        return (username.equals(user.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));

    }

}

编写拦截器

编写Filter 用来检测JWT

package com.example.demo;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter  extends OncePerRequestFilter {
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;


    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String authHeader = httpServletRequest.getHeader(jwtTokenUtil.getHeader());
        if (authHeader != null && StringUtils.isNotEmpty(authHeader)) {
            String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(authHeader);
            if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
                UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authHeader, userDetails)) {
                    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication =
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails,null,userDetails.getAuthorities());
                    authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(httpServletRequest));
                    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);

                }
            }
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest, httpServletResponse);

    }
}

编写userDetailsService的实现类

在上方代码中，编写userDetailsService，类，实现其验证过程

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.management.relation.Role;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class JwtUserDetailsServiceImpl  implements UserDetailsService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String s) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(s);
        if (user == null) {
            throw new UsernameNotFoundException(String.format("'%s'.这个用户不存在", s));

        }
        List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> collect = user.getRoles().stream().map(Role::getRolename).map(SimpleGrantedAuthority::new).collect(Collectors.toList());
        return new JwtUser(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword(), user.getState(), collect);

    }
}

编写登录

编写登录业务的实现类 其login方法会返回一个JWTUtils 的token

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl  implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Autowired
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Autowired
    private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil;

    public User findByUsername(String username) {
        User user = userMapper.selectByUserName(username);
        return user;

    }

    public RetResult login(String username, String password) throws AuthenticationException {
        UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
        final Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken);
        SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
        UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
        return new RetResult(RetCode.SUCCESS.getCode(),jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails));

    }
}

最后配置Config

@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurity extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;

    @Autowired
    public void configureAuthentication(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) throws Exception {
        authenticationManagerBuilder.userDetailsService(this.userDetailsService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());

    }

    @Bean(name = BeanIds.AUTHENTICATION_MANAGER)

    @Override
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception {
        return super.authenticationManagerBean();
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();

    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and().authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/auth/**").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().headers().cacheControl();


        http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.authorizeRequests();

        registry.requestMatchers(CorsUtils::isPreFlightRequest).permitAll();

    }

    @Bean
    public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
        final UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        final CorsConfiguration cors = new CorsConfiguration();
        cors.setAllowCredentials(true);
        cors.addAllowedOrigin("*");
        cors.addAllowedHeader("*");
        cors.addAllowedMethod("*");
        urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", cors);
        return new CorsFilter(urlBasedCorsConfigurationSource);

    }
}

运行，返回token

运行，返回结果为token

SpringSecurity JSON登录

这里配置SpringSecurity之JSON登录

这里需要重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter类，以及配置SpringSecurity

重写UsernamePasswordAnthenticationFilter

public class CustomAuthenticationFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {

        //attempt Authentication when Content-Type is json
        if(request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE)
                ||request.getContentType().equals(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)){

            //use jackson to deserialize json
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = null;
            try (InputStream is = request.getInputStream()){
                AuthenticationBean authenticationBean = mapper.readValue(is,AuthenticationBean.class);
                authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                        authenticationBean.getUsername(), authenticationBean.getPassword());
            }catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                        "", "");
            }finally {
                setDetails(request, authRequest);
                return this.getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(authRequest);
            }
        }

        //transmit it to UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
        else {
            return super.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
        }
    }
}

配置SecurityConfig

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
    http
            .cors().and()
            .antMatcher("/**").authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/", "/login**").permitAll()
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
            //这里必须要写formLogin()，不然原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter不会出现，也就无法配置我们重新的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
            .and().formLogin().loginPage("/")
            .and().csrf().disable();

    //用重写的Filter替换掉原有的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
    http.addFilterAt(customAuthenticationFilter(),
    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
}

//注册自定义的UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter
@Bean
CustomAuthenticationFilter customAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
    CustomAuthenticationFilter filter = new CustomAuthenticationFilter();
    filter.setAuthenticationSuccessHandler(new SuccessHandler());
    filter.setAuthenticationFailureHandler(new FailureHandler());
    filter.setFilterProcessesUrl("/login/self");

    //这句很关键，重用WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter配置的AuthenticationManager，不然要自己组装AuthenticationManager
    filter.setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManagerBean());
    return filter;
}

这样就完成使用json登录SpringSecurity

Spring Security 密码加密方式

需要在Config 类中配置如下内容

/**
     * 密码加密
     */
    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

即，使用此方法，对密码进行加密， 在业务层的时候，使用此加密的方法

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Resource
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Resource
    private BCryptPasswordEncoder bCryptPasswordEncoder; //注入bcryct加密
    @Override
    public User add(User user) {
        user.setPassword(bCryptPasswordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); //对密码进行加密
        User user2 = userRepository.save(user);
        return user2;
    }
    @Override
    public ResultInfo login(User user) {
        ResultInfo resultInfo=new ResultInfo();
        User user2 = userRepository.findByName(user.getName());
        if (user2==null) {
            resultInfo.setCode("-1");
            resultInfo.setMessage("用户名不存在");
            return resultInfo;
        }

        //判断密码是否正确
        if (!bCryptPasswordEncoder.matches(user.getPassword(),user2.getPassword())) {
            resultInfo.setCode("-1");
            resultInfo.setMessage("密码不正确");
            return resultInfo;
        }
        resultInfo.setMessage("登录成功");
        return resultInfo;
    }
}

即，使用BCryptPasswordEncoder 对密码进行加密，保存数据库

使用数据库认证

这里使用数据库认证SpringSecurity

设计数据表

这里设计数据表

着重配置SpringConfig

@Configurable
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService; // service 层注入

    @Bean
    PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        // 参数传入Service，进行验证
        auth.userDetailsService(userService);
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/admin/**").hasRole("admin")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and()
                .formLogin()
                .loginProcessingUrl("/login").permitAll()
                .and()
                .csrf().disable();
    }
}

这里着重配置SpringConfig

小结

着重讲解了RBAC的权限配置，以及简单的使用SpringSecurity，以及使用SpringSecurity + JWT 完成前后端的分离，以及配置json登录，和密码加密方式。

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