OpenCV + CPP 系列（三十）基于距离变换与分水岭的图像分割

文章目录

一、图像分割

图像分割概述 ​​【详情请点击】​​

图像分割(Image Segmentation)是图像处理最重要的处理手段之一
图像分割的目标是将图像中像素根据一定的规则分为若干(N)个cluster集合，每个集合包含一类像素。
根据算法分为监督学习方法和无监督学习方法，图像分割的算法多数都是无监督学习方法 - KMeans

二、距离变换与分水岭

​​OpenCV—Python 分水岭算法图像分割​​

距离变换常见算法有两种

• 不断膨胀/ 腐蚀得到
• 基于倒角距离

分水岭变换常见的算法

• 基于浸泡理论实现

步骤

1. 将白色背景变成黑色-目的是为后面的变换做准备
2. 使用filter2D与拉普拉斯算子实现图像对比度提高，sharp（锐化）
3. 转为二值图像通过threshold
4. 距离变换
5. 对距离变换结果进行归一化到[0~1]之间
6. 使用阈值，再次二值化，得到标记
7. 腐蚀得到每个Peak - erode
8. 发现轮廓 – findContours
9. 绘制轮廓- drawContours
10. 分水岭变换 watershed
11. 对每个分割区域着色输出结果

头文件 ​​quick_opencv.h​​：声明类与公共函数

#pragma once
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
using namespace cv;

class QuickDemo {
public:
  ...
  void Moments_Demo(Mat& image1);

};

主函数调用该类的公共成员函数

#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <quick_opencv.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;


int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  Mat src = imread("D:\\Desktop\\maomao.png");
  if (src.empty()) {
    printf("Could not load images...\n");
    return -1;
  }
  namedWindow("input", WINDOW_NORMAL);
  imshow("input", src);

  QuickDemo qk;
  qk.Moments_Demo(src);
  waitKey(0);
  destroyAllWindows();
  return 0;
}

三、演示

源文件 ​​quick_demo.cpp​​：实现类与公共函数

void QuickDemo::Image_segmentation_Demo(Mat& image) {
  for (int row = 0; row < image.rows; row++) {
    for (int col = 0; col < image.cols; col++) {
      if (image.at<Vec3b>(row, col) == Vec3b(255, 255, 255)) {
        image.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = 0;
        image.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = 0;
        image.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = 0;
      }
    }
  }
  imshow("image", image);
  
  // 使用掩码的方式替换颜色：python:a = np.where(a=255,0)
  //Mat mask_;
  //inRange(image, Scalar(255, 255, 255), Scalar(255, 255, 255), mask);
  //image.setTo(Scalar(0, 0, 0), mask_);


  Mat kernel_ = (Mat_<float>(3, 3) << 1, 1, 1, 1, -8, 1, 1, 1, 1);
  Mat ImgLaplance;
  Mat sharp = image;
  filter2D(sharp, ImgLaplance, CV_32F, kernel_, Point(-1, -1), 0);
  cout << "&sharp" << &sharp << endl;
  cout << "&image" << &image << endl;
  image.convertTo(sharp, CV_32F);
  Mat ImgResult = sharp - ImgLaplance;

  ImgResult.convertTo(ImgResult, CV_8UC3);
  ImgLaplance.convertTo(ImgLaplance, CV_8UC3);
  imshow("ImgResult", ImgResult);
  imshow("ImgLaplance", ImgLaplance);


  Mat binImg;
  image = ImgResult;                        // 指向锐化后的图像
  cvtColor(image, binImg, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
  threshold(binImg, binImg, 40, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);
  imshow("binImg", binImg);

  Mat distImg;
  distanceTransform(binImg, distImg, DIST_L2, 5);
  normalize(distImg, distImg, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX);
  imshow("normalize", distImg);


  threshold(distImg, distImg, 0.4, 1, THRESH_BINARY);
  imshow("distance_threshold", distImg);
  
  // 查看二值化后的效果，觉得没必要做这一步了
  Mat kernel2_ = Mat::ones(5, 5, CV_8UC1);
  erode(distImg, distImg, kernel2_);
  imshow("peaks", distImg);

  // 轮廓查找，并绘制轮廓
  Mat dist_u8;
  distImg.convertTo(dist_u8, CV_8U);
  vector<vector<Point>> contours;
  findContours(dist_u8, contours, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
  if (contours.size() == 0) {
    cout << "未找到轮廓" << endl;
    return;
  }


  Mat marks = Mat::zeros(distImg.size(), CV_32SC1);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
    drawContours(marks, contours, static_cast<int>(i), Scalar::all(static_cast<uchar>(i + 1)), -1);
  }
  circle(marks, Point(5, 5), 3, Scalar(255), -1);
  //imshow("mark_dist", marks * 1000); //报错


  watershed(image, marks);
  Mat mark_dist = Mat::zeros(marks.size(), CV_8UC1);
  marks.convertTo(mark_dist, CV_8UC1);
  bitwise_not(mark_dist, mark_dist);
  imshow("watershed", mark_dist);


  // generator random color
  RNG rng(12335);
  vector<Vec3b> colors;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++){
    uchar b = rng.uniform(0, 255);
    uchar g = rng.uniform(0, 255);
    uchar r = rng.uniform(0, 255);
    colors.push_back(Vec3b(b, g, r));
  }

  //着色
  Mat drawImg = Mat::zeros(marks.size(), CV_8UC3);
  for (int row = 0; row < marks.rows; row++) {
    for (int col = 0; col < marks.cols; col++) {
      uchar index = marks.at<int>(row, col);
      if (index > 0 && index <= static_cast<int>(contours.size())) {
        drawImg.at<Vec3b>(row, col) = colors[index - 1];
      }
      else {
        drawImg.at<Vec3b>(row, col) = Vec3b(0, 0, 0);
      }
    }
  }
  imshow("dst", drawImg);
}

效果图（展示关键步骤效果）：