1. 最基本的读文件方法:

# File: readline-example-1.py


file = open("sample.txt")


while 1:

    line = file.readline()

    if not line:

        break

    pass # do something

  一行一行得从文件读数据,显然比较慢;不过很省内存。

  在我的机器上读10M的sample.txt文件,每秒大约读32000行

2. 用fileinput模块

# File: readline-example-2.py


import fileinput


for line in fileinput.input("sample.txt"):

    pass

 写法简单一些,不过测试以后发现每秒只能读13000行数据,效率比上一种方法慢了两倍多……

3. 带缓存的文件读取

# File: readline-example-3.py


file = open("sample.txt")


while 1:

    lines = file.readlines(100000)

    if not lines:

        break

    for line in lines:

        pass # do something

这个方法真的更好吗?事实证明,用同样的数据测试,它每秒可以读96900行数据!效率是第一种方法的3倍,第二种方法的7倍!

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  在Python 2.2以后,我们可以直接对一个file对象使用for循环读每行数据:

# File: readline-example-5.py


file = open("sample.txt")


for line in file:

    pass # do something

  而在Python 2.1里,你只能用xreadlines迭代器来实现:

# File: readline-example-4.py


file = open("sample.txt")


for line in file.xreadlines():

    pass # do something