RabbitMQ
- 1:引言
- 2:安装
-
- 2-1:下载并安装erlang
- 2-2:下载并安装RabbitMQ
- 3:Rabbitmq的demo
- 4:Rabbitmq的模型
-
- 4-1:"Hello World!"模型:简单生产者-消费者
- 4-2:Work queues模型:工作队列
- 4-3:Publish/Subscribe模型:发布订阅模式,广播模型
- 4-4:Routing模型:路由模型,订阅模式Direct
- 4-5:Topics模型:动态路由模型,订阅模式Topics
- 5:springBoot整合Rabbitmq
-
- 5-1:"Hello World!"模型:简单生产者-消费者
- 5-2:Work queues模型:工作队列
- 5-3:Publish/Subscribe模型:发布订阅模式,广播模型
- 5-4:Routing模型:路由模型,订阅模式Direct
- 5-5:Topics模型:动态路由模型,订阅模式Topics
1:引言
MQ(Message Queue):翻译为消息队列,通过典型的生产者和消费者模型,生产者不断向消息队列中生产消息,消费者不断的从队列中获取消息。因为消息的生产和消费都是异步的,而且只关心消息的发送和接收,没有业务逻辑的侵入,轻松的实现系统间解耦。别名为消息中间件,通过利用高效可靠的消息传递机制进行平台无关的数据交流,并基于数据通信来进行分布式系统的集成。
2:安装RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议,erlang语言开发,是部署最广泛免得开源消息中间件,是最受欢迎的开源消息中间件之一,其官网地址为https://www.rabbitmq.com/,所以要安装RabbitMQ之前,需要先安装erlang
2-1:下载并安装erlang
下载地址:http://www.erlang.org/downloads
根据本机位数选择erlang下载版本
双击,点next就可以安装
安装完事后要记得配置一下系统的环境变量:此电脑–>鼠标右键“属性”–>高级系统设置–>环境变量–>“新建”系统环境变量
- 变量名:ERLANG_HOME
- 变量值就是刚才erlang的安装地址,点击确定。
然后双击系统变量path,将%ERLANG_HOME%\bin加入到path中。
最后windows键+R键,输入cmd,再输入erl,看到版本号就说明erlang安装成功了。如下图
2-2:下载并安装RabbitMQ
下载地址:http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html
点击下载,我下载的是3.8.12版本
双击下载后的.exe文件,安装过程与erlang的安装过程相同
安装完后的样子
安装完事后要记得配置一下系统的环境变量:此电脑–>鼠标右键“属性”–>高级系统设置–>环境变量–>“新建”系统环境变量
- 变量名:RABBITMQ_SERVER
- 变量值就是刚才RabbitMQ的安装地址,点击确定。
然后双击系统变量path,将%RABBITMQ_SERVER%\bin加入到path中。
cmd中输入(因为我的安装目录是D:\Software\Development\RabbitMQ\rabbitmq_server-3.8.12)
"D:\Software\Development\RabbitMQ\rabbitmq_server-3.8.12\sbin\rabbitmq-plugins.bat" enable rabbitmq_management
- 启动RabbitMQ:net start RabbitMQ
- 关闭RabbitMQ:net stop RabbitMQ
- 访问管理界面:http://localhost:15672/
- 默认用户名:guest
- 默认密码为:guest
默认配置文件:
- C:\Users\你的用户名\AppData\Roaming\RabbitMQ\advanced.config
数据目录:
- C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Roaming\RabbitMQ\db\rabbit@用户名-mnesia
附:
如果遇到无法启动的问题,先尝试在控制面板 —— 服务 —— 中启动。如果已经启动了,先服务里面停掉或者尝试用命令
.\rabbitmq-server.bat start
注意只能用CMD,不要用powershell
3:Rabbitmq的demo如果要初始化RabbitMQ,移除全部数据:
- 1、rabbitmq-service remove
- 2、rabbitmq-service install
- 3、rabbitmq-service start
写demo之前,我们先建立虚拟主机
然后建立账户
给账户设置虚拟主机的权限
需要依赖包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>5.7.2</version>
</dependency>
为了方便,我们直接封装连接RabbitMQ的工具类RabbitMQUtils
package com.lingaolu.utils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RabbitMQUtils {
private static ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
static {
connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
// MQ服务的IP地址
connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
// MQ服务的端口号
connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
// 虚拟主机的名称
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/test");
// 用户名
connectionFactory.setUsername("test");
// 密码
connectionFactory.setPassword("123");
}
// 定义提供链接对象的方法
public static Connection getConnection(){
try {
return connectionFactory.newConnection();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
// 定义获得通道的工具方法
public static Channel getChannel(Connection connection){
if(null != connection){
try {
return connection.createChannel();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
// 关闭通道和关闭连接工具方法
public static void closeChannelAndConnection(Channel channel,Connection connection){
try {
if(null != channel){
channel.close();
}
if(null != connection){
connection.close();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
生产者
@Test
void sentMessage() throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
/**
* 绑定对象方法
* 参数1:队列名称,如果队列不存在自动创建
* 参数2:用来定义队列特性是否要持久化,true代表持久化队列,false代表不持久化
* 参数3:exclusive:是否独占队列 ,true代表独占队列,false代表不独占队列
* 参数4:autoDelete:是否在消费完成后自动删除队列,true代表自动删除,即当队列中没有任何消息后,是否自动删除
* 参数5:额外附加参数
*/
channel.queueDeclare("hello",true,false,false,null);
/**
* 参数1:交换机名称
* 参数2:路由规则,只要你的路由规则与这个交换机中有同名的队列,他就会自动路由上
* 参数3:传递消息而外设置,MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN表示消息持久化,null表示不持久化
* 参数4:消息的具体内容
*/
channel.basicPublish("","hello",MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"消息内容".getBytes());
}
RabbitMQUtils.closeChannelAndConnection(channel,connection);
}
消费者
@Test
void customer() throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 绑定对象方法,消费者绑定的参数要与生产者绑定的参数严格一致,比如是否持久化,独占队列,删除等等
channel.queueDeclare("hello",true,false,false,null);
/**
* 消费消息
* 参数1:消费哪个队列的消息,队列名称
* 参数2:开始消息的自动确认机制,true消费者自动向rabbitmq确认消息消费,false不会自动确认消息,需要手动确认
* 参数3:消费时的回调接口
*/
channel.basicConsume("hello",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
// 最后一个参数:消息队列中取出的消息
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body){
System.out.println("======================"+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
4:Rabbitmq的模型
Rabbitmq提供了很多模型,如下图所示
- "Hello World!"模型:简单生产者-消费者
- Work queues模型:工作队列
- Publish/Subscribe模型:发布订阅模式,广播模型
- Routing模型:路由模型,订阅模式Direct
- Topics模型:动态路由模型,订阅模式Topics
- RPC模型
- Publisher Confirms模型
4-1:"Hello World!"模型:简单生产者-消费者
我们在第二章的Rabbitmq的demo使用的就是"Hello World!"模型,所以这里不再举例
4-2:Work queues模型:工作队列
Work queues,也被称为Task queues,任务模型,当消息处理比较耗时的时候,可能生产消息的速度会远远大于消息的消费速度。长此以往,消息就会堆积越来越多,无法及时处理,此时就可以使用work模型:让多个消费者绑定到一个队列,共同消费队列中的消息。队列中的消息一旦消费,就会消失,因此任务是不会被重复执行的。
生产者,循环生产消息
@Test
void sentMessage() throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);
for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
channel.basicPublish("","work",MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,("消息内容"+i).getBytes());
}
}
RabbitMQUtils.closeChannelAndConnection(channel,connection);
}
平均消费模式
消费者1
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);
channel.basicConsume("work",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body){
System.out.println("消费者1=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
消费者2
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);
channel.basicConsume("work",true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body){
System.out.println("消费者2=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
运行消费者1和消费者2,接着运行生产者,发现消费者1和消费者2是平均消费队列里的消息
确认机制和能者多劳消费模式
消费者1
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 每次消费一个消息
channel.basicQos(1);
channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);
// 第二个参数false,手动确认消费消息,防止消息一下子都进入消费者
channel.basicConsume("work",false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// 加一个睡眠,模拟消费者1消费慢
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("消费者1=============="+new String(body));
// 确认消息消费,参数1:确认队列中哪个具体消息,参数2:是否开启多个消息同时确认
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
});
}
}
}
消费者2
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 每次消费一个消息
channel.basicQos(1);
channel.queueDeclare("work",true,false,false,null);
channel.basicConsume("work",false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者2=============="+new String(body));
// 确认消息消费,参数1:确认队列中哪个具体消息,参数2:是否开启多个消息同时确认
channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(),false);
}
});
}
}
}
运行消费者1和消费者2,接着运行生产者,发现由于消费者1睡眠耗时,而消费者2消费的比较快,所以消费者2消费的消息比较多,实现能者多劳
4-3:Publish/Subscribe模型:发布订阅模式,广播模型
fanout 扇出,也称为广播
在广播模式下,消息发送流程是这样的
- 可以有多个消费者
- 每个消费者有自己的queue(队列)
- 每个队列都要绑定到Exchange(交换机)
- 生产者发送的消息,只能发送到交换机,交换机来决定要发给哪个队列,生产者无法决定
- 交换机把消息发送给绑定过的所有队列
- 队列的消费者都能拿到消息,实现一条消息被多个消费者消费
生产者
@Test
void sentMessage() throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
/**
* 将通道声明指定为交换机
* 参数1:交换机名称,不存在会自动创建
* 参数2:交换机类型,fanout:广播类型
*/
channel.exchangeDeclare("myExchange",BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);
// 向交换机发送消息
channel.basicPublish("myExchange","",MessageProperties.PERSISTENT_TEXT_PLAIN,"消息内容".getBytes());
}
RabbitMQUtils.closeChannelAndConnection(channel,connection);
}
消费者1
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"myExchange","");
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者1=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
消费者2
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"myExchange","");
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者2=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
运行消费者1和消费者2,接着运行生产者,发现消费者1和消费者2都能同时消费生产者生产的消息,实现一个消息多个消费者消费的目的
4-4:Routing模型:路由模型,订阅模式Direct
在fanout广播模式中,一条消息,会被所有订阅的队列都消费,但是,在某些场景下,我们希望不同的消息被不同的队列消费,这时就要用到Direct类型的交换机Exchange
在Direct模型下
- 队列与交换机的绑定,不能是任意绑定了,而是要指定一个RoutingKey(路由key)
- 消息的发送方在向交换机Exchange发送消息时,也必须指定消息的RoutingKey
- 交换机Exchange不再把消息交给每一个绑定的队列,而是根据消息的RoutingKey进行判断,只有队列的RoutingKey与消息的RoutingKey完全一致,才会接收到消息
生产者,路由key为info
@Test
void sentMessage() throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
/**
* 将通道声明指定为交换机
* 参数1:交换机名称,不存在会自动创建
* 参数2:交换机类型,direct:路由模式
*/
channel.exchangeDeclare("mylog",BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
// 路由key
String routingKey = "info";
// 向交换机发送消息
channel.basicPublish("mylog",routingKey,null,("消息内容"+routingKey).getBytes());
}
RabbitMQUtils.closeChannelAndConnection(channel,connection);
}
消费者1,绑定路由key为info
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由key
String routingKey = "info";
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"mylog",routingKey);
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者1=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
消费者2,绑定路由key为info和error
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"mylog","info");
channel.queueBind(queueName,"mylog","error");
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者2=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
消费者3,绑定路由key为error
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由key
String routingKey = "error";
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"mylog",routingKey);
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者3=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
运行消费者1和消费者2和消费者3,接着运行生产者,当生产者的路由key为info时,只有绑定相同路由key的消费者1和消费者2接收到消息,当生产者的路由key为error时,只有绑定相同路由key的消费者2和消费者3接收到消息
4-5:Topics模型:动态路由模型,订阅模式Topics
Topics类型的交换机Exchange与Direct相比,都是可以根据RoutingKey把消息路由到不同的队列。只不过Topics类型交换机Exchange可以让队列在绑定RoutingKey的时候使用通配符!,这种模型RoutingKey一般都是由一个或多个单词组成,多个单词之间以“.”分割,例如:info.error.debug
通配符
- *:匹配不多不少恰好一个词
- #:匹配0个或多个单词
生产者,路由key为info.error.debug,交换机类型为topic
@Test
void sentMessage() throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
String exchange = "myTopic";
/**
* 将通道声明指定为交换机
* 参数1:交换机名称,不存在会自动创建
* 参数2:交换机类型,topic:动态路由模式
*/
channel.exchangeDeclare(exchange,BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);
// 路由key
String routingKey = "info.error.debug";
// 向交换机发送消息
channel.basicPublish(exchange,routingKey,null,("消息内容"+routingKey).getBytes());
}
RabbitMQUtils.closeChannelAndConnection(channel,connection);
}
消费者1,路由key为info.#,交换机类型为topic
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由key
String routingKey = "info.#";
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"myTopic",routingKey);
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者1=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
消费者2,路由key为*.error.*,交换机类型为topic
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由key
String routingKey = "*.error.*";
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"myTopic",routingKey);
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者2=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
消费者3,路由key为info.*,交换机类型为topic
package com.lingaolu;
import com.lingaolu.utils.RabbitMQUtils;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class customer3 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Connection connection = RabbitMQUtils.getConnection();
Channel channel = RabbitMQUtils.getChannel(connection);
if(null != channel){
// 临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 路由key
String routingKey = "info.*";
// 绑定交换机和队列
channel.queueBind(queueName,"myTopic",routingKey);
channel.basicConsume(queueName,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
System.out.println("消费者3=============="+new String(body));
}
});
}
}
}
运行消费者1和消费者2和消费者3,接着运行生产者,由*和#通配符表示的含义,我们可以知道消费者1和消费者2可以接收到 x消息,而消费者3接收不到消息。
5:springBoot整合Rabbitmq引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml配置
spring:
application:
name: springboot-rabbitmq
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
virtual-host: /test
username: test
password: 123
配置好了之后,会提供一个模板RabbitTemplate,下面我们就针对几种模式进行举例,我们使用一个bean类Student来传输数据
package com.lingaolu.bean;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String name;
}
使用lombok所以引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
5-1:"Hello World!"模型:简单生产者-消费者
生产者
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
void sentMessage(){
Student student = new Student(1, "呵呵");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", student);
}
消费者,真正创建队列的是在消费者
package com.lingaolu.component;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// 注解到IOC容器
@Component
// 队列监听,并且创建队列
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello",durable = "true",autoDelete = "true"))
public class RabbitMQHello {
// 处理器。接收队列里的消息
@RabbitHandler
public void aa(Student student){
System.out.println("message="+student);
}
}
启动项目消费者就注入到IOC容器,创建队列,从队列那消息,此时如果指向生产者的代码,消费者会从队列中拿到消息。
5-2:Work queues模型:工作队列
生产者,循环生产消息,使用控制层接口来模拟
package com.lingaolu.controller;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class Test {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/test")
public String sentMessage(){
Student student = new Student(0, "呵呵");
for (int i = 1; i <=10 ; i++) {
student.setId(i);
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("hello", student);
}
return "ok";
}
}
平均消费模式
2个消费者队列,轮训获取队列里的消息
package com.lingaolu.component;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// 注解到IOC容器
@Component
public class RabbitMQHello {
// 消费者1
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello",durable = "true",autoDelete = "true"))
public void aa1(Student student){
System.out.println("message1="+student);
}
// 消费者2
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello",durable = "true",autoDelete = "true"))
public void aa2(Student student){
System.out.println("message2="+student);
}
}
启动项目访问接口可看到2个消费者平均接收到队列里的消息
确认机制和能者多劳消费模式
yml配置文件变为
spring:
application:
name: springboot-rabbitmq
rabbitmq:
host: 127.0.0.1
port: 5672
virtual-host: /test
username: test
password: 123
# 发送确认
publisher-confirm-type: correlated
# 发送回调
publisher-returns: true
# 消费手动确认
listener:
direct:
acknowledge-mode: manual
simple:
acknowledge-mode: manual
#并发消费者初始化值
concurrency: 1
#并发消费者的最大值
max-concurrency: 10
#每个消费者每次监听时可拉取处理的消息数量
#在单个请求中处理的消息个数,他应该大于等于事务数量(unack的最大数量)
prefetch: 1
# 是否支持重试
retry:
enabled: true
2个消费者队列,手动确认接收消息,消费者2加了睡眠时间,用来模拟消费消息慢
package com.lingaolu.component;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
// 注解到IOC容器
@Component
public class RabbitMQHello {
// 消费者1
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello",durable = "true",autoDelete = "true"))
public void aa1(Student student, Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
System.out.println("message1="+student);
try {
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
//消费者告诉队列信息消费失败
/**
* 拒绝确认消息:
* channel.basicNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple, boolean requeue) ;
* deliveryTag:该消息的index
* multiple:是否批量true:将一次性拒绝所有小于deliveryTag的消息
* requeue:被拒绝的是否重新入队列
*/
channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
}
}
// 消费者2
@RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "hello",durable = "true",autoDelete = "true"))
public void aa2(Student student, Message message, Channel channel) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
Thread.sleep(4000);
System.out.println("message2="+student);
channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
}
启动项目访问接口可看到,由于消费者2睡眠了,所以大部分消息都让消费者1消费了
5-3:Publish/Subscribe模型:发布订阅模式,广播模型
生产者
package com.lingaolu.controller;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class Test {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/test")
public String sentMessage(){
Student student = new Student(1, "呵呵");
// 交换机为myExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myExchange","", student);
return "ok";
}
}
消费者
package com.lingaolu.component;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// 注解到IOC容器
@Component
public class RabbitMQHello {
// 消费者1
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myExchange",type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT)// 绑定交换机
)
})
public void aa1(Student student){
BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT.getType();
System.out.println("message1="+student);
}
// 消费者2
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myExchange",type = ExchangeTypes.FANOUT)
)
})
public void aa2(Student student){
System.out.println("message2="+student);
}
}
启动项目访问接口可看到2个消费者都能接收到队列里的消息
5-4:Routing模型:路由模型,订阅模式Direct
生产者,我把路由的key当成参数,这样方便测试路由
package com.lingaolu.controller;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class Test {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/test")
public String sentMessage(String routingKey){
Student student = new Student(1, "呵呵");
// 交换机为myExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myLog",routingKey, student);
return "ok";
}
}
消费者,2消费者绑定不同的路由
package com.lingaolu.component;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// 注解到IOC容器
@Component
public class RabbitMQHello {
// 消费者1
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myLog",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), // 绑定交换机
key={"info","debug"} // 路由
)
})
public void aa1(Student student){
BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT.getType();
System.out.println("message1="+student);
}
// 消费者2
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myLog",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key={"info","error"}
)
})
public void aa2(Student student){
System.out.println("message2="+student);
}
}
启动项目访问接口,通过不同的传参进行路由设置,可见符合路由的消费者才能接收到消息
5-5:Topics模型:动态路由模型,订阅模式Topics
生产者,路由key为info.error.debug,交换机类型为topic
package com.lingaolu.controller;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class Test {
@Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@GetMapping("/test")
public String sentMessage(){
Student student = new Student(1, "呵呵");
// 交换机为myExchange
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("myTopic","info.error.debug", student);
return "ok";
}
}
消费者,3个消费者的路由key分别为info.#,.error.,info.*
package com.lingaolu.component;
import com.lingaolu.bean.Student;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
// 注解到IOC容器
@Component
public class RabbitMQHello {
// 消费者1
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myTopic",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC), // 绑定交换机
key={"info.#"} // 路由
)
})
public void aa1(Student student){
BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT.getType();
System.out.println("message1="+student);
}
// 消费者2
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myTopic",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key={"*.error.*"}
)
})
public void aa2(Student student){
System.out.println("message2="+student);
}
// 消费者3
@RabbitListener(bindings = {
@QueueBinding(
value = @Queue,// 创建临时队列
exchange = @Exchange(value = "myTopic",type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key={"info.*"}
)
})
public void aa3(Student student){
System.out.println("message3="+student);
}
}
启动项目访问接口,因为消费者3不符合路由额规则,所以只有消费者3没有收到消息