在使用App Service服务部署业务应用，因为有些第三方的接口需要调用者携带TLS/SSL证书(X509 Certificate)，在官方文档中介绍了两种方式在代码中使用证书：
1） 直接使用证书文件路径加载证书
2） 从系统的证书库中通过指纹加载证书
本文中，将分别通过代码来验证以上两种方式.
第一步：使用PowerShell创建自签名证书
参考文档 : 生成自签名证书概述 https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/core/additional-tools/self-signed-certificates-guide#with-powershell
$cert = New-SelfSignedCertificate -DnsName @("mytest.com", "www.mytest.com") -CertStoreLocation "cert:\LocalMachine\My"
$certKeyPath = 'C:\MyWorkPlace\Tools\scerts\mytest.com.pfx'
$password = ConvertTo-SecureString 'password' -AsPlainText -Force
$cert | Export-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certKeyPath -Password $password
$rootCert = $(Import-PfxCertificate -FilePath $certKeyPath -CertStoreLocation 'Cert:\LocalMachine\Root' -Password $password)注意：
- 需要使用Administrator模式打开PowerShell窗口
- DnsName, CertKeyPath和 password的内容都可根据需求进行调整
第二步：准备两种读取证书的 .NET代码
方式一：通过证书文件名和密码读取加载证书
public static string LoadPfx(string? filename, string password = "")
{
try
{
if (filename == null) filename = "contoso.com.pfx";
var bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(filename);
var cert = new X509Certificate2(bytes, password);
return cert.ToString();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
}
方式二：通过指纹在系统证书库中查找证书
public static string FindPfx(string certThumbprint = "")
{
try
{
bool validOnly = false;
using (X509Store certStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser))
{
certStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certCollection = certStore.Certificates.Find(
X509FindType.FindByThumbprint,
// Replace below with your certificate's thumbprint
certThumbprint,
validOnly);
// Get the first cert with the thumbprint
X509Certificate2 cert = certCollection.OfType<X509Certificate2>().FirstOrDefault();
if (cert is null)
throw new Exception($"Certificate with thumbprint {certThumbprint} was not found");
return cert.ToString();
}
}
catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; }
}在本次实验中，通过API来调用以上 LoadPfx 和 FindPfx 方法
第三步：发布测试应用到Azure App Service
第四步：测试接口并修复问题
通过文件方式读取证书内容，测试成功
但是，通过指纹查找的时候，却返回无法找到证书。
Certificate with thumbprint 5A1E7923F5638549F4BA3E29EEDBBDCB2E9B572E was not found
这是原因有两种：
1）证书没有添加到App Service的Certificates中。
2）需要在App Service的Configuration中添加配置WEBSITE_LOAD_CERTIFICATES参数，值为 * 或者是固定的 证书指纹值。
检查以上两点原因后，再次通过指纹方式查找证书。成功！
示例代码
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
// Add services to the container.
var app = builder.Build();
// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
app.UseHttpsRedirection();
app.MapGet("/loadpfxbyname", ([FromQuery(Name = "name")] string filename, [FromQuery(Name = "pwd")] string pwd) =>
{
var content = pfxTesting.LoadPfx(filename, pwd);
return content;
});
app.MapGet("/loadpfx/{pwd}", (string pwd) =>
{
var content = pfxTesting.LoadPfx(null, pwd);
return content;
});
app.MapGet("/findpfx/{certThumbprint}", (string certThumbprint) =>
{
var content = pfxTesting.FindPfx(certThumbprint);
return content;
});
app.Run();
class pfxTesting
{
public static string LoadPfx(string? filename, string password = "")
{
try
{
if (filename == null) filename = "contoso.com.pfx";
var bytes = File.ReadAllBytes(filename);
var cert = new X509Certificate2(bytes, password);
return cert.ToString();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return ex.Message;
}
}
public static string FindPfx(string certThumbprint = "")
{
try
{
bool validOnly = false;
using (X509Store certStore = new X509Store(StoreName.My, StoreLocation.CurrentUser))
{
certStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly);
X509Certificate2Collection certCollection = certStore.Certificates.Find(
X509FindType.FindByThumbprint,
// Replace below with your certificate's thumbprint
certThumbprint,
validOnly);
// Get the first cert with the thumbprint
X509Certificate2 cert = certCollection.OfType<X509Certificate2>().FirstOrDefault();
if (cert is null)
throw new Exception($"Certificate with thumbprint {certThumbprint} was not found");
return cert.ToString();
}
}
catch (Exception ex) { return ex.Message; }
}
}
参考资料
在 Azure 应用服务中通过代码使用 TLS/SSL 证书 ： https://docs.azure.cn/zh-cn/app-service/configure-ssl-certificate-in-code#load-certificate-from-file
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当在复杂的环境中面临问题，格物之道需：浊而静之徐清，安以动之徐生。 云中，恰是如此!
