RabbitMQ之Java客户端的使用

一、前言

RabbitMQ 支持多种语言访问，本次介绍 RabbitMQ Java Client 的一些简单的api使用，如声明 Exchange、Queue，发送消息，消费消息，一些高级 api 会在后面的文章中详细的说明。

二、项目实战

1.引入依赖

 <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

2.设置属性

spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/

3.设置生产者

package com.example.springbootdemo.test;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 生产者
 */
public class Producer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //连接RabbitMQ服务器
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        //创建一个连接
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        //获得信道
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        //声明交换器
        channel.exchangeDeclare("ex-hello", "direct");
        //发送的消息内容
        byte[] messageBodyBytes = "Hello,world!".getBytes();
        channel.basicPublish("ex-hello", "route-hello", null, messageBodyBytes);
        //关闭通道
        channel.close();
        conn.close();
    }
}

4.设置接受者

package com.example.springbootdemo.test;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
        //连接RabbitMQ服务器
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setUsername("guest");
        factory.setPassword("guest");
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        //创建一个连接
        Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
        //获得信道
        Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare("queue-hello", true, false, false, null);
        //声明绑定
        channel.queueBind("queue-hello", "ex-hello", "route-hello");

        //监听队列中的消息
        channel.basicConsume("queue-hello", true, new SimpleConsumer(channel));

        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);

        channel.close();
        conn.close();
    }
}

5.消息处理类SimpleConsumer

package com.example.springbootdemo.test;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

import java.io.IOException;

public class SimpleConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {
    public SimpleConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        //接受从队列中发送的消息
        System.out.println(consumerTag);
        System.out.println("-----收到消息了---------------");
        System.out.println("消息属性为：" + properties);
        System.out.println("消息内容为：" + new String(body));
    }
}

6.测试

消息发送成功之后，启动消费者，输出结果如下：