从stage1安装Gentoo 
  
 * 从网上下载mini版的安装包install-x86-minimal-2007.0-r1.iso和最新的stage 1包stage1-x86-2007.0.tar.bz2 刻盘 
  
 在安装的时候应为我是装的双系统,所以stage1-x86-2007.0.tar.bz2就从别的分区mount过来的 
  

 * 放入刻好的光盘,重起机器 
  

 * 启动完成之后,检查网络是否通畅(嘿嘿,前提是要插好网线哦) 
  
 可以输入ping -c 3 [url]www.163.com[/url]试试看,如果成功则略过这步,否则: 
  
 首先用ifconfig检查网卡是否识别出来,是否已经有了IP地址 
  
 如果没有自动获得IP地址,则手工指定 
  
 # ifconfig eth0 192.168.xxx.xxx netmask 255.255.xxx.xxx 
  
 具体网络IP和掩码怎么配,请找你们的网络管理员 
  
 确认路由正确 
  
 # netstat -rn 
  
 如果网关不正确,则手工添加 
  
 # route add -net default gw 192.168.xxx.xxx 
  
 编辑主机名 vi /etc/hostname (有vi就用,没有就用nano) 
  
 设置DNS解析 vi /etc/resolv.conf 
  
 在里面添加如下内容 
  
 nameserver 202.106.46.151 
  
 nameserver 202.106.0.20 
  
 这个时候可以ping -c 3 [url]www.163.com[/url] 看看是否成功了 
  

 * 用date设置系统日期和时间,这对后来同步的时候有影响的,关系到下载的包的新旧程度 
  

 * 分区,用fdisk -l 检查现有硬盘分区情况 
  
 Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 
  
 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders 
  
 Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes 
  

      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System 
  
      /dev/sda1   *           1        1984    15936448+   c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 
  
      /dev/sda2            1985        5171    25599577+   f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 
  
      /dev/sda3            5172        9598    35559877+ 83 Linux 
  
      /dev/sda4            9599        9729     1052257+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris 
  
      /dev/sda5            1985        3896    15358108+   b W95 FAT32 
  
      /dev/sda6            3897        5171    10241406    b W95 FAT32 
  
 这是我的显示串口的一般显示是sd,并口的显示是hd,a就表示这是你的第一块硬盘,要是还有就是sdb之类的啦 
  
 上面的sda3,4是linux的,其他是windows 的 
  
 这个时候用fdisk /dev/sda来分区,可以用m来查看帮助,具体怎么分自己看着办,至少要分两个,一个交换分区 
  
 一个/分区,一般交换分区划分成内存的2倍左右就行了,可以单独分一个boot分区,也可以不分,反正我是没有 
  
 单独分 
  

 (按照我的来看sda4是交换分区,sda3是linux的/分区)分好了之后就格式化吧,注意备份重要数据哦 
  
 # mkswap /dev/sda4      格式化交换分区 
  
 # mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sda3 格式化/分区,也可以换成别的格式的文件系统,如:mkfs -t reiserfs /dev/sda3 
  
 根据自己喜欢吧 
  

 * 挂接分区和porc 
  
 # swapon /dev/sda4   激活交换分区 
  
 # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/gentoo 
  
 # mount -o bind /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc 
  

 * 开始安装最基本的系统 
  
 cd /mnt/gentoo 
  
 把stage1-x86-2007.0.tar.bz2复制过来(我是先放在windows分区) 
  
 # tar jxvf stage1-x86-2007.0.tar.bz2 
  

 * 启用DNS配置文件 
  
 # cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf 
  

 * 切换root环境 
  
 # chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash 
  
 # mkdir /usr/loacl/portage 
  

 * 设置编译选项 
  
 # vi /etc/make.conf 
  
 CFLAGS="-march=prescott -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -funroll-loops" 
  
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" 
  
 AUTOCLEAN="yes" 
  
 # This should not be changed unless you know exactly what you are doing. You 
  
 # should probably be using a different stage, instead. 
  
 CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" 
  
 USE="cjk apache2 tcltk aalib xv bonobo gstreamer slang readline gpm berkdb mmx 3dnow gdbm tcpd pam libwww ssl nls perl python gif imlib sdl oggvorbis gnome gtk2 X opengl avi png tiff" 
  
 这是我的设置,可以参照着写,copy也行,嘿嘿:)注意其中的march需要根据自己的cpu 的类型来 
  
 进行设置,如果不知道的话可以查看: 
  
 [url]http://gentoo-wiki.com/Safe_Cflags[/url] 
  

 * 创建并加载新的环境变量 
  
 # env-update 
  
 # source /etc/profile 
  
 一般在装完软件或更新了系统之后最好做一下这俩个操作 
  

 * 从因特网同步获取最新的portage安装管理信息 
  
 # emerge-webrsync -v 
  
 # emerge --sync --verbose 
  

 * 编译关键的系统软件包,主要是glibc、gcc、zlib、binutils、textinfo、ncurses、gettext、sed、emerge、portage等 
  
 # cd /usr/portage 
  
 # scripts/bootstrap.sh 
  
 # source /etc/profile 
  

 * 构建系统,编译没有替代物的系统软件包 
  
 # emerge -e system  (耐心等待吧) 
  

 * 安装内核源代码 
  
 对台式机就# emerge gentoo-sources 
  
 对笔记本就# emerge suspend2-sources 
  
 我是在笔记本上装的,所以就用了第二个 
  

 * 配置内核 
  
 在上一步做完之后就该配置内核了 
  
 我的机器的配置是: 
  
 cpu:T2050酷睿双核 
  
 内存:512M 
  
 主板:Intel i945PM Express 
  
 显卡集成:Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950 with up to 128MB shared memory 
  
 网卡:Intel PRO/100 VE 10/100Mbs 
  
 无线网卡:Intel 3945BG 802.11a/b/g mini pci wireless card (WEP, WPA, 802.1x) 
  
 显示器:14宽屏 
  

 好了,你要是自己不是很清楚就lspci看看吧 
  

 # make menuconfig 
  
 配置 CPU: 
  
 [*] Symmetric multi-processing support 
  
 Subarchitecture Type (PC-compatible) ---> 
  
 Processor family (Pentium-4/Celeron(P4-based)/Pentium-4 M/Xeon) ---> 
  
 (2) Maximum number of CPUs (2-255) 
  
 [ ] SMT (Hyperthreading) scheduler support 
  
 [*] Multi-core scheduler support 
  
 配置cpu的核心数,使得内核支持双核 
  
 [*] CPU Frequency scaling 
  
 [*]   Enable CPUfreq debugging 
  
 <*>   CPU frequency translation statistics 
  
         Default CPUFreq governor (performance) ---> 
  
     <*>   'ondemand' cpufreq policy governor 
  
     ---   CPUFreq processor drivers 
  
     <*>   Intel Enhanced SpeedStep 
  
     [*]     Use ACPI tables to decode valid frequency/voltage pairs 
  
     [*]     Built-in tables for Banias CPUs 
  

 配置cpu的频率调节,使得支持自动降频功能 
  
 记得要emerge sys-power/cpufrequtils安装这个软件来管理cpu降频操作 
  
 同时要rc-update add cpufrequtils boot 
  

 配置显卡: 
  
 --- /dev/agpgart (AGP Support) 
  
 ---   Intel 440LX/BX/GX, I8xx and E7x05 chipset support 
  
 <M> Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) 
  
 <M>   Intel 830M, 845G, 852GM, 855GM, 865G 
  
 <M>     i915 driver 
  

 [*] Enable firmware EDID 
  
 <*> Support for frame buffer devices 
  
 <*> Intel 830M/845G/852GM/855GM/865G/915G/945G support (EXPERIMENTAL) 
  
 [*]   DDC/I2C for Intel framebuffer support 
  

 安装xorg 
  
 # echo "VIDEO_CARDS=\"i810\"" >> /etc/make.conf 
  
 # emerge xorg-x11 
  

 配置声卡 
  
 <M> Sound card support 
  
 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ---> 
  
 Open Sound System ---> 
  

 < > Advanced Linux Sound Architecture 
  

 < > Open Sound System (DEPRECATED) 
  

 安装驱动 
  
 # echo "media-sound/alsa-driver" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
 # echo "media-sound/alsa-headers" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
 # echo "media-libs/alsa-lib" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
 # echo "media-sound/alsa-utils" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
 # echo "ALSA_CARDS=\"hda-intel\"" >> /etc/make.conf 
  
 # emerge media-sound/alsa-driver media-sound/alsa-utils 
  
 # rc-update add alsasound boot 
  
 # alsaconf 
  

 让系统自动加在模块 
  
 # echo "options snd-hda-intel model=laptop single_cmd=1 enable_msi=1" >> /etc/modules.d/alsa 
  
 # modules-update -f 
  
 # /etc/init.d/alsasound restart 
  

 配置有线网卡: 
  
 [*] Ethernet (10 or 100Mbit) 
  
 <*>   Generic Media Independent Interface device support 
  
 [*] EISA, VLB, PCI and on board controllers 
  
 <M>   Intel(R) PRO/100+ support 
  

 # echo "e100" >> /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6 
  
 # emerge sys-apps/netplug net-misc/dhcpcd net-analyzer/arping 
  
 编辑/etc/conf.d/net 
  
 加入modules=( "ifconfig" ) 
  
 plug_timeout="15" 
  
 config_eth0=( "dhcp" ) 
  
 dhcpcd_eth0="-t 10" 
  
 fallback_eth0=( "apipa" ) 
  

 # rc-update add net.eth0 default 
  
 # /etc/init.d/net.eth0 restart 
  

 配置Linux上的无线网卡:3945abg 
  
 Networking ---> 
  
     [ ] Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack 
  
 Device Drivers ---> 
  
     Network Device support ---> 
  
     Wireless LAN (non-hamradio) ---> 
  
         [*] Wireless LAN drivers (non-hamradio) & Wireless Extensions 
  
 Cryptographic options ---> 
  
     [*] Cryptographic API 
  
     <*> AES cipher algorithms 
  
     <*> ARC4 cipher algorithm 
  
     <*> Michael MIC keyed digest algorithm 
  
    Networking ---> 
  
    <*>   Generic IEEE 802.11 Networking Stack 
  
        [ ]     Enable full debugging output 
  
            <*>     IEEE 802.11 WEP encryption (802.1x) 
  
        <*>     IEEE 802.11i CCMP support 
  
        <*>     IEEE 802.11i TKIP encryption 
  
            < >     Software MAC add-on to the IEEE 802.11 networking stack 
  

    # echo "net-wireless/ipw3945" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
    # echo "net-wireless/ipw3945d" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
    # echo "net-wireless/ieee80211" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords 
  
    # emerge ipw3945 wireless-tools wpa_supplicant 
  
    # rc-update add ipw3945d default 
  
    # /etc/init.d/ipw3945d start 
  

 编辑/etc/conf.d/net 
  
    加入modules=( "wpa_supplicant" ) 
  

    wpa_supplicant_eth1="-Dwext" 
  

    config_eth1=( "dhcp" ) 
  
    dhcp_eth1="nontp nonis" 
  

    depend_eth1() { 
  
            need ipw3945d 
  
    } 
  
    创建初始化脚本 
  
    # ln -s /etc/init.d/net.lo /etc/init.d/net.eth1 
  
    # rc-update add net.eth1 default 
  

    配置 ACPI 
  
    [*] ACPI Support 
  
    [*]   Sleep States 
  
    [ ]     /proc/acpi/sleep (deprecated) 
  
    <*>   AC Adapter 
  
    <*>   Battery 
  
    <*>   Button 
  
    <*>   Video 
  
    <*>   Generic Hotkey (EXPERIMENTAL) 
  
    < >   Fan 
  
    < >   Dock 
  
    <*>   Processor 
  
    <*>     Thermal Zone 
  

    # emerge sys-power/acpid 
  
    # rc-update add acpid default 
  

    软唤醒 
  
    --- Suspend2 
  
    ---   Image Storage (you need at least one allocator) 
  
    [ ]   File Allocator 
  
    [*]   Swap Allocator 
  
    ---   General Options 
  
    (/dev/sda4) Default resume device name 
  
    [ ]   Allow Keep Image Mode 
  
    [*]   Replace swsusp by default 
  
 --- Cryptographic API 
  
 <*>   LZF compression algorithm 
  

    编译内核 
  
    # make && make modules_install 
  
    # mv /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.6 
  
    要是自己不会配置内核,那可以用工具配置一个通用的内核 
  
    # genkernel --config 
  
    注意,采用这个方法配置后,genkernel会自动把新内核放在/boot下 
  

 * 安装配置grub 
  
    # emerge grub 
  
    # grub 
  
    grub> root (hd0,2) (boot 分区的位置,在sda3处,也就是在(hd0, 2)) 
  
    grub> setup (hd0) 
  
    grub> quit 
  
    编辑/boot/grub/grub.conf 
  
    这是我的,参考着写就行了 
  
    # Boot automatically after 30 secs. 
  
    timeout 30 
  

    # By default, boot the first entry. 
  
    default 0 
  

    # Fallback to the second entry. 
  
    fallback 1 
  

    # Splash p_w_picpath to show behind grub.(grub后面的背景) 
  
    splashp_w_picpath=(hd0,2)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz 
  

    # For booting Linux 
  
    title Linux-2.6.19 
  
    root   (hd0,2)  
  
    kernel /boot/vmlinux-2.6 root=/dev/sda3 
  


    # For booting Windows NT or Windows95 
  
    title Windows XP 
  
    rootnoverify (hd0,0) 
  
    makeactive 
  
    chainloader +1 
  
    如果是用genkernel编译的则: 
  
    kernel (hd0,2)/bzImage-2.6.x.jfs.k.support 
  
    initrd (hd0,2)/initrd-2.6.x 
  

 * 其他分区自动挂接 
  
 为了让系统启动的时候就能自动挂接windows下的分区 
  
 编辑/etc/fstab,这是我的,注意sda5和sda6这两行的写法就行了,你可以换成你的windows分区 
  
 # NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts. 
  
 /dev/sda3               /boot           ext2            noauto,noatime 1 2 
  
 /dev/sda3               /               ext2            noatime         0 1 
  
 /dev/sda4               none            swap            sw              0 0 
  
 /dev/sda5               /media/sda5     vfat    defaults,utf8,umask=0,exec 0       0 
  
 /dev/sda6               /media/sda6     vfat    defaults,utf8,umask=0,exec 0       0 
  
 /dev/cdrom              /mnt/cdrom      audo            noauto,ro       0 0 
  
 #/dev/fd0               /mnt/floppy     auto            noauto          0 0 
  

 * 收尾工作 
  
 这么辛苦装的系统就不要随便用root登录了,创建一个普通用户吧 
  
 # useradd <用户名> -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash 
  
 # passwd <用户名> 
  

 # etc-update 
  
 # umount /mnt/gentoo/proc 
  
 # umount /mnt/gentoo 
  
 # reboot



呵呵,安装到此结束,一个自己打造的Gentoo就在你的机器上安家了

https://blog.51cto.com/boot2046/42885