在android中应用相机功能,一般有两种:一种是直接调用系统相机,一种自己写的相机。我将分别演示两种方式的使用:

第一种:是使用Intent跳转到系统相机,action为:android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA

关键代码:

Java代码:

01.Intent intent = new Intent(); //调用照相机 


02.intent.setAction("android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA"); 


03.startActivity(intent);


复制代码 例子:CameraTest_2.java

Java代码:

01.import android.app.Activity; 


02.import android.content.Intent; 


03.import android.os.Bundle; 


04. 


05.public class CameraTest_2 extends Activity { 


06./** Called when the activity is first created. */ 


07.@Override 


08.public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 


09.super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 


10.setContentView(R.layout.main); 


11.Intent intent = new Intent(); //调用照相机 


12.intent.setAction("android.media.action.STILL_IMAGE_CAMERA"); 


13.startActivity(intent); 


14.} 


15. 


16.}


复制代码
想要测试的,可以直接新建一个项目,并且把主activity的代码换成上面的,然后运行,我测试了一下,上面这个代码并不需要权限,毕竟只是调用系统自带的程序。
当然网上还有一些其他相关的调用方法,只要设置对了action,那么系统就会调用系统自带的相机.

第二种:
(1)首先我们要自己创建一个照相,必须考虑用什么控件显示照相机中的预览效果,显然android已经帮我们做好了选择,那就是SurfaceView,而控制SurfaceView则需要一个surfaceHolder,他是系统提供的一个用来设置surfaceView的一个对象,而它通过surfaceView.getHolder()这个方法来获得。而Camera提供一个setPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder)的方法来连接.surfaceHolder,并通过他来控制surfaceView,而我们则使用android的Camera类提供了startPreview()和stopPreview()来开启和关闭预览.

关系如下:
Camera -- -->SurfaceHolder------>SurfaceView.
(2)知道怎么预览,当然也要知道怎么开启相机.Camera.open()这是个静态方法,如果相机没有别人用着,则会返回一个 相机引用,如果被人用着,则会抛出异常。很奇怪的是,这个方法,不能随便放,如放在构造方法或者onCreate()方法中,都会照成没有预览效果.
(3)SurfaceHolder.Callback,这是个holder用来显示surfaceView 数据的接口,他分别必须实现3个方法
surfaceCreated()这个方法是surface 被创建后调用的
surfaceChanged()这个方法是当surfaceView发生改变后调用的
surfaceDestroyed()这个是当surfaceView销毁时调用的.
surfaceHolde通过addCallBack()方法将响应的接口绑定到他身上.
surfaceHolder还必须设定一个setType()方法,查看api的时候,发现这个方法已经过时,但是没有写,又会报错。。各种奇怪。
(4)我用以上知识写了一个MySurfaceView类,他继承于SurfaceView,并在里面实现了照相机的预览功能.这个我觉得最简单的照相机预览代码:

MySurfaceView.java

Java代码:

01.import java.io.IOException; 


02.import android.content.Context; 


03.import android.graphics.PixelFormat; 


04.import android.hardware.Camera; 


05.import android.util.Log; 


06.import android.view.SurfaceHolder; 


07.import android.view.SurfaceView; 


08. 


09.public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{ 


10.SurfaceHolder holder; 


11.Camera myCamera; 


12. 


13.public MySurfaceView(Context context) { 


14.super(context); 


15.holder = getHolder();//获得surfaceHolder引用 


16.holder.addCallback(this); 


17.holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//设置类型 


18.} 


19. 


20.@Override 


21.public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { 


22.myCamera.startPreview(); 


23.} 


24.@Override 


25.public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


26.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


27.if(myCamera == null) { 


28.myCamera = Camera.open();//开启相机,不能放在构造函数中,不然不会显示画面. 


29.try { 


30.myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); 


31.} catch (IOException e) { 


32.// TODO Auto-generated catch block 


33.e.printStackTrace(); 


34.} 


35.} 


36.} 


37. 


38.@Override 


39.public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


40.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


41.myCamera.stopPreview();//停止预览 


42.myCamera.release();//释放相机资源 


43.myCamera = null; 


44.Log.d("ddd", "4"); 


45.} 


46.}


复制代码
CameraTest_3.java

Java代码:

01.import android.app.Activity; 


02.import android.os.Bundle; 


03.import android.view.View; 


04.import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 


05. 


06.public class CameraTest_3 extends Activity { 


07./** Called when the activity is first created. */ 


08.MySurfaceView mySurface; 


09.@Override 


10.public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 


11.super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 


12.mySurface = new MySurfaceView(this); 


13.setContentView(mySurface); 


14.} 


15. 


16.}




而且必须给应用添加权限: <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"></uses-permission>
(5)能够预览了,接下来就是拍照了,拍照用到了一个camera.tackPiture()这个方法,这个方法,有三个参数分别是ShutterCallBack shutter,PictureCallBack raw,PictureCallBack jpeg.

下面是对他们的实现

Java代码:

01.private ShutterCallback shutter = new ShutterCallback() { 


02.@Override 


03.public void onShutter() { 


04.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


05.Log.d("ddd", "shutter"); 


06.} 


07.}; 


08. 


09.private PictureCallback raw = new PictureCallback() { 


10.@Override 


11.public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 


12.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


13.Log.d("ddd", "raw"); 


14.} 


15.}; 


16. 


17. 


18.private PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { 


19.@Override 


20.public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 


21.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


22.Log.d("ddd","jpeg"); 


23.} 


24.};


复制代码
当开始拍照时,会依次调用shutter的onShutter()方法,raw的onPictureTaken方法,jpeg的onPictureTaken方法.三个参数的作用是shutter--拍照瞬间调用,raw--获得没有压缩过的图片数据,jpeg---返回jpeg的图片数据
当你不需要对照片进行处理,可以直接用null代替.
注意,当调用camera.takePiture方法后,camera关闭了预览,这时需要调用startPreview()来重新开启预览。


我用以上知识,加到上面的那个例子,就形成了下面的代码:

MySurfaceView.java

Java代码:

01.package eoe.wjh.camera; 


02. 


03.import java.io.IOException; 


04.import android.content.Context; 


05.import android.graphics.PixelFormat; 


06.import android.hardware.Camera; 


07.import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback; 


08.import android.hardware.Camera.ShutterCallback; 


09.import android.util.Log; 


10.import android.view.SurfaceHolder; 


11.import android.view.SurfaceView; 


12. 


13. 


14.public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{ 


15.SurfaceHolder holder; 


16.Camera myCamera; 


17.private ShutterCallback shutter = new ShutterCallback() { 


18.@Override 


19.public void onShutter() { 


20.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


21.Log.d("ddd", "shutter"); 


22.} 


23.}; 


24. 


25.private PictureCallback raw = new PictureCallback() { 


26.@Override 


27.public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 


28.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


29.Log.d("ddd", "raw"); 


30.} 


31.}; 


32.private PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { 


33.@Override 


34.public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 


35.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


36.Log.d("ddd","jpeg"); 


37.} 


38.}; 


39.public MySurfaceView(Context context) { 


40.super(context); 


41.holder = getHolder();//获得surfaceHolder引用 


42.holder.addCallback(this); 


43.holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//设置类型 


44.} 


45.public void tackPicture() { 


46.myCamera.takePicture(null,null,null); 


47.} 


48.public void voerTack() { 


49.myCamera.startPreview(); 


50.} 


51.@Override 


52.public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { 


53.myCamera.startPreview(); 


54.} 


55.@Override 


56.public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


57.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


58.if(myCamera == null) { 


59.myCamera = Camera.open();//开启相机,不能放在构造函数中,不然不会显示画面. 


60.try { 


61.myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); 


62.} catch (IOException e) { 


63.// TODO Auto-generated catch block 


64.e.printStackTrace(); 


65.} 


66.} 


67.} 


68. 


69.@Override 


70.public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


71.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


72.myCamera.stopPreview();//停止预览 


73.myCamera.release();//释放相机资源 


74.myCamera = null; 


75.} 


76.}


复制代码
CameraTest_3.java

Java代码:

01.import android.app.Activity; 


02.import android.os.Bundle; 


03.import android.view.View; 


04.import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 


05. 


06.public class CameraTest_3 extends Activity implements OnClickListener { 


07./** Called when the activity is first created. */ 


08.MySurfaceView mySurface; 


09.boolean isClicked = false; 


10.@Override 


11.public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 


12.super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 


13.mySurface = new MySurfaceView(this); 


14.setContentView(mySurface); 


15.mySurface.setOnClickListener(this); 


16.} 


17. 


18.@Override 


19.public void onClick(View v) { 


20.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


21.if(!isClicked) 


22.{ 


23.mySurface.tackPicture(); 


24.isClicked = true; 


25.}else { 


26.mySurface.voerTack(); 


27.isClicked = false; 


28.} 


29. 


30.}




这样就是实现了拍照的功能,那么怎样要图片保存呢?那么这是就需要在那个参数中的jpeg的
方法里面进行处理了,那个方法的data参数,就是相片的数据。
我们通过BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length)来获得图片并通过io处理,将图片保存到想要保存的位置
下面这段代码,是将照片保存到/sdcard/wjh.jpg;并把一些没有用到的代码全部删掉,剩下一些必须的代码

MySurfaceView.java

Java代码:

01.package eoe.wjh.camera; 


02. 


03.import java.io.BufferedInputStream; 


04.import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; 


05.import java.io.File; 


06.import java.io.FileOutputStream; 


07.import java.io.OutputStream; 


08.import android.content.Context; 


09.import android.graphics.Bitmap; 


10.import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; 


11.import android.graphics.PixelFormat; 


12.import android.hardware.Camera; 


13.import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback; 


14.import android.hardware.Camera.ShutterCallback; 


15.import android.util.Log; 


16.import android.view.SurfaceHolder; 


17.import android.view.SurfaceView; 


18. 


19.public class MySurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback{ 


20.SurfaceHolder holder; 


21.Camera myCamera; 


22.private PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { 


23.@Override 


24.public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 


25.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


26.try { 


27.Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); 


28.File file = new File("/sdcard/wjh.jpg"); 


29.BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file)); 


30.bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,100,bos); 


31.bos.flush(); 


32.bos.close(); 


33.}catch(Exception e) { 


34.e.printStackTrace(); 


35.} 


36.}; 


37.public MySurfaceView(Context context) { 


38.super(context); 


39.holder = getHolder();//获得surfaceHolder引用 


40.holder.addCallback(this); 


41.holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//设置类型 


42.} 


43.public void tackPicture() { 


44.myCamera.takePicture(null,null,jpeg); 


45.} 


46.public void voerTack() { 


47.myCamera.startPreview(); 


48.} 


49. 


50.@Override 


51.public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { 


52.myCamera.startPreview(); 


53.} 


54.@Override 


55.public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


56.if(myCamera == null) { 


57.myCamera = Camera.open();//开启相机,不能放在构造函数中,不然不会显示画面. 


58.try { 


59.myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); 


60.} catch (IOException e) { 


61.// TODO Auto-generated catch block 


62.e.printStackTrace(); 


63.} 


64.} 


65.} 


66.@Override 


67.public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


68.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


69.myCamera.stopPreview();//停止预览 


70.myCamera.release();//释放相机资源 


71.myCamera = null; 


72.} 


73.}


复制代码
注意,这是必须添加在sd卡上写数据的权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>



(7)能够拍照了,这下子要考虑如何让图片更好看了,这显然是专业人士的强项,但是我们在程序上,也可以做一些处理,
向上面的那些,因为我直接把surfaceView当做整体布局,就可能出现屏幕被拉开了,不是很好看,所以这时,就可以不要把surfaceView弄成整体布局,把他弄到到一个布局管理器,在设置相关的参数.这是需要注意的是有些参数不能随便乱设,

如以下代码:

Java代码:

01.Camera.Parameters parames = myCamera.getParameters();//获得参数对象 


02.parames.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG);//设置图片格式 


03.parames.setPreviewSize(640,480);//这里面的参数只能是几个特定的参数,否则会报错.(176*144,320*240,352*288,480*360,640*480) 


04.myCamera.setParameters(parames);


复制代码 还有自动对焦,当然有些手机没有这个功能,自动对焦是通过autoFocus()这个方法调用一个自动对焦的接口,并在里面进行处理。
注意,这个方法必须在startPreview()和stopPreview()中间。
AutoFocusCallback是自动对焦的接口,实现它必须实现public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera)这个方法,所以我们可以将拍照方法放在这里面,然后对焦后再进行拍摄。效果会好很多。
注意自动对焦需要添加<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" />下面我叫直接把上面的使用例子直接写出。

CameraTest_4.java

Java代码:

01.import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; 


02.import java.io.File; 


03.import java.io.FileOutputStream; 


04.import java.io.IOException; 


05.import android.app.Activity; 


06.import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo; 


07.import android.graphics.Bitmap; 


08.import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; 


09.import android.graphics.PixelFormat; 


10.import android.hardware.Camera; 


11.import android.hardware.Camera.AutoFocusCallback; 


12.import android.hardware.Camera.PictureCallback; 


13.import android.os.Bundle; 


14.import android.view.SurfaceHolder; 


15.import android.view.SurfaceView; 


16.import android.view.View; 


17.import android.view.Window; 


18.import android.view.SurfaceHolder.Callback; 


19.import android.view.View.OnClickListener; 


20. 


21. 


22.public class CameraTest_4 extends Activity implements 


23.Callback, OnClickListener, AutoFocusCallback{ 


24.SurfaceView mySurfaceView;//surfaceView声明 


25.SurfaceHolder holder;//surfaceHolder声明 


26.Camera myCamera;//相机声明 


27.String filePath="/sdcard/wjh.jpg";//照片保存路径 


28.boolean isClicked = false;//是否点击标识 


29.//创建jpeg图片回调数据对象 


30.PictureCallback jpeg = new PictureCallback() { 


31.@Override 


32.public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { 


33.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


34.try {// 获得图片 


35.Bitmap bm = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); 


36.File file = new File(filePath); 


37.BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file)); 


38.bm.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, bos);//将图片压缩到流中 


39.bos.flush();//输出 


40.bos.close();//关闭 


41.}catch(Exception e) { 


42.e.printStackTrace(); 


43.} 


44.} 


45.}; 


46./** Called when the activity is first created. */ 


47.@Override 


48.public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { 


49.super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); 


50.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);//无标题 


51.//设置拍摄方向 


52.this.setRequestedOrientation(ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); 


53.setContentView(R.layout.main); 


54.//获得控件 


55.mySurfaceView = (SurfaceView)findViewById(R.id.surfaceView1); 


56.//获得句柄 


57.holder = mySurfaceView.getHolder(); 


58.//添加回调 


59.holder.addCallback(this); 


60.//设置类型 


61.holder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); 


62.//设置监听 


63.mySurfaceView.setOnClickListener(this); 


64.} 


65.@Override 


66.public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) { 


67.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


68.//设置参数并开始预览 


69.Camera.Parameters params = myCamera.getParameters(); 


70.params.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG); 


71.params.setPreviewSize(640,480); 


72.myCamera.setParameters(params); 


73.myCamera.startPreview(); 


74.} 


75.@Override 


76.public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


77.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


78.//开启相机 


79.if(myCamera == null) { 


80.myCamera = Camera.open(); 


81.try { 


82.myCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); 


83.} catch (IOException e) { 


84.// TODO Auto-generated catch block 


85.e.printStackTrace(); 


86.} 


87.} 


88.} 


89.@Override 


90.public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { 


91.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


92.//关闭预览并释放资源 


93.myCamera.stopPreview(); 


94.myCamera.release(); 


95.myCamera = null; 


96.} 


97.@Override 


98.public void onClick(View v) { 


99.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


100.if(!isClicked) { 


101.myCamera.autoFocus(this);//自动对焦 


102.isClicked = true; 


103.}else { 


104.myCamera.startPreview();//开启预览 


105.isClicked = false; 


106.} 


107.} 


108.@Override 


109.public void onAutoFocus(boolean success, Camera camera) { 


110.// TODO Auto-generated method stub 


111.if(success) { 


112.//设置参数,并拍照 


113.Camera.Parameters params = myCamera.getParameters(); 


114.params.setPictureFormat(PixelFormat.JPEG); 


115.params.setPreviewSize(640,480); 


116.myCamera.setParameters(params); 


117.myCamera.takePicture(null, null, jpeg); 


118.} 


119.} 


120. 


121.}


复制代码
main.xml

Java代码:

01.<linearlayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 


02.androidrientation="vertical" 


03.android:layout_width="fill_parent" 


04.android:layout_height="fill_parent" 


05.> 


06.<surfaceview android:id="@+id/surfaceView1" 


07.android:layout_width="640px" 


08.android:layout_height="480px" 


09.android:layout_gravity="center">


复制代码
AndroidManifest.xml

Java代码:

01.<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 


02.package="com.wjh.camera" 


03.android:versionCode="1" 


04.android:versionName="1.0"> 


05.<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="7" /> 


06.<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"></uses-permission> 


07.<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus" /> 


08.<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> 


09.<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> 


10.<activity android:name=".CameraTest_4" android:label="@string/app_name"> 


11.<intent-filter> 


12.<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> 


13.<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> 


14.</intent-filter> 


15.</activity> 


16.</application> 


17.</manifest>