1.1 NTP简介
NTP(Network Time Protocol,网络时间协议)是用来使网络中的各个计算机时间同步的一种协议。它的用途是把计算机的时钟同步到世界协调时UTC,其精度在局域网内可达0.1ms,在互联网上绝大多数的地方其精度可以达到1-50ms。
NTP服务器就是利用NTP协议提供时间同步服务的。
系统版本(这里已7.2的系统为例)
1 [root@test ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
2 CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
1.2 NTP服务器安装
[root@test ~]# rpm -qa ntp
ntpdate-4.2.6p5-22.el7.centos.x86_64
如果没有安装就yum install ntp -y进行安装
1.3 配置NTP服务
备份配置文件
[root@test ~]# cp /etc/ntp.conf{,.bak}
[root@test ~]# ll /etc/ntp.conf*
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1778 Jan 11 2017 /etc/ntp.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1778 Oct 23 23:10 /etc/ntp.conf.bak
精简化配置文件
[root@test ~]# egrep -v "^$|#" /etc/ntp.conf.bak >/etc/ntp.conf
修改配置文件(红色字体表示修改的内容)
1 # For more information about this file, see the man pages
2 # ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).
3
4 driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
5
6 # Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
7 # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
8 #restrict default kod nomodify notrap nopeer noquery #控制nto服务器的权限,默认为最低,注释掉
9 restrict default nomodify
10
11 # Permit all access over the loopback interface. This could
12 # be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
13 # the administrative functions.
14 restrict 127.0.0.1
15 restrict -6 ::116
17 # Hosts on local network are less restricted.
18 #restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
19 # 允许内网其他机器同步时间
20 restrict 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
21
22 # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
23 # Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).24 #server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
25 #server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
26 #server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
27 #server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
28
29 # 定义使用的上游 ntp服务器,将原来的注释
30 server time1.aliyun.com
31 server ntp1.aliyun.com
32
33 #broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey # broadcast server
34 #broadcastclient # broadcast client
35 #broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey # multicast server
36 #multicastclient 224.0.1.1 # multicast client
37 #manycastserver 239.255.254.254 # manycast server
38 #manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client
39
40 # 允许上层时间服务器主动修改本机时间
41 restrict time1.aliyun.com nomodify notrap noquery
42 restrict ntp1.aliyun.com nomodify notrap noquery
43
44 # 外部时间服务器不可用时,以本地时间作为时间服务
45 server 127.127.1.0
46 fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 1047
48 # Enable public key cryptography.
49 #crypto
50
51 includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
52
53 # Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
54 # with symmetric key cryptography.
55 keys /etc/ntp/keys
56
57 # Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
58 #trustedkey 4 8 4259
60 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
61 #requestkey 862
63 # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
64 #controlkey 865
66 # Enable writing of statistics records.
67 #statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats
1.4 启动NTP服务器
注意:如果有同步时间的定时任务要将其注销,否则会冲突
[root@test ~]# systemctl start ntpd
显示节点列表
[root@test ~]# ntpq -p
remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter
==============================================================================
time5.aliyun.co 10.137.38.86 2 u 28 64 3 5.092 6241215 185.623
132.163.96.4 .INIT. 16 u - 64 0 0.000 0.000 0.000
[root@m01 ~]# ntpstat
unsynchronised #出现一下情况,需要等待一定时间即可同步
time server re-starting
polling server every 8 s
1.5 客户机时间同步
客户端推荐使用ntpdate同步时间,如开启ntp服务不安全
CentOS7默认没有这个命令,需要安装:
yum install ntpdate -y
同步内网时间服务器:
ntpdate 172.16.1.61
说明:客户机要等几分钟再与新启动的ntp服务器进行时间同步,否则会提示‘’no server suitable for synchronization found错误‘’
配置chrony时间服务器:
1.停止ntpd服务,避免占用123端口
systemctl stop ntpd.service
2.安装chrony服务
yum -y install chrony
3.备份配置文件
cp /etc/chrony.conf{,.ori}
4.编辑配置文件
vim /etc/chrony.conf
#注释3-6行,在下面加入新的上游服务器
2# Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
3#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
4#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
5#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
6#server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
server ntp2.aliyun.com
#注释25-26行,在下面加入允许同步的网段
# Allow NTP client access from local network.
#allow 192.168.0.0/16
allow 172.16.1.0/24
5.对比检查一下配置文件
diff /etc/chrony.conf{,.ori}
6.启动chrony服务
systemctl start chronyd
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