WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准,通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块。在Android SDK中并没有提供调用WebService的库,因此,需要使用第三方的SDK来调用WebService。PC版本的WEbservice客户端库非常丰富,例如Axis2,CXF等,但这些开发包对于Android系统过于庞大,也未必很容易移植到Android系统中。因此,这些开发包并不是在我们的考虑范围内。适合手机的WebService客户端的SDK有一些,比较常用的有Ksoap2,可以从http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/downloads/list进行下载;将下载的ksoap2-android-assembly-2.4-jar-with-dependencies.jar包复制到Eclipse工程的lib目录中,当然也可以放在其他的目录里。同时在Eclipse工程中引用这个jar包。

具体调用调用webservice的方法为:

(1) 指定webservice的命名空间和调用的方法名,如:

SoapObject request =new SoapObject(http://service,”getName”);

SoapObject类的第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间,可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。

(2) 设置调用方法的参数值,如果没有参数,可以省略,设置方法的参数值的代码如下:

Request.addProperty(“param1”,”value”);Request.addProperty(“param2”,”value”);

要注意的是,addProperty方法的第1个参数虽然表示调用方法的参数名,但该参数值并不一定与服务端的WebService类中的方法参数名一致,只要设置参数的顺序一致即可。

(3) 生成调用Webservice方法的SOAP请求信息。该信息由SoapSerializationEnvelope对象描述,代码为:

SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);Envelope.bodyOut = request;

创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象时需要通过SoapSerializationEnvelope类的构造方法设置SOAP协议的版本号。该版本号需要根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。在创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象后,不要忘了设置SOAPSoapSerializationEnvelope类的bodyOut属性,该属性的值就是在第一步创建的SoapObject对象。

(4) 创建HttpTransportsSE对象。通过HttpTransportsSE类的构造方法可以指定WebService的WSDL文档的URL:

HttpTransportSE ht=new HttpTransportSE(“http://192.168.18.17:80/axis2/service/SearchNewsService?wsdl”);

(5)使用call方法调用WebService方法,代码:

ht.call(null,envelope);

Call方法的第一个参数一般为null,第2个参数就是在第3步创建的SoapSerializationEnvelope对象。

(6)获得WebService方法的返回结果,代码:

SoapObject soapObject =( SoapObject) envelope.getResponse();

有两种方法:使用getResponse;使用bodyIn及getProperty。

(7)这时候执行会出错,提示没有权限访问网络

需要增加权限:<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

以下为简单的实现一个天气查看功能的例子:

package com.example.webservicesample;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;
import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
	
	private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";  
	// WebService地址  
	private static String URL = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx";  	
	private static final String METHOD_NAME = "getWeatherbyCityName";  
	private static String SOAP_ACTION = "http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName";  

	private String weatherToday;  
	private Button okButton;  
	private SoapObject detail;  

	@Override  
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
		okButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ok);  

		okButton.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {  
			public void onClick(View v) {  
				showWeather();  
			}  
		});  
	}  

	private void showWeather() {  
		String city = "武汉";  
		getWeather(city);  
	}  

	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")  
	public void getWeather(String cityName) {  
		try {  
			System.out.println("rpc------");  
			SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, METHOD_NAME);  
			System.out.println("rpc" + rpc);  
			System.out.println("cityName is " + cityName);  
			rpc.addProperty("theCityName", cityName);  

			HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(URL);  
			ht.debug = true;  

			SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(  
			SoapEnvelope.VER11);  

			envelope.bodyOut = rpc;  
			envelope.dotNet = true;  
			envelope.setOutputSoapObject(rpc);  

			ht.call(SOAP_ACTION, envelope);  

			SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;  
			detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty("getWeatherbyCityNameResult");  

			System.out.println("result" + result);  
			System.out.println("detail" + detail);  
			Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, detail.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
			parseWeather(detail);  

			return;  
		} catch (Exception e) {  
			e.printStackTrace();  
		}  
	}  

	private void parseWeather(SoapObject detail) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {  
		String date = detail.getProperty(6).toString();  
		weatherToday = "今天:" + date.split(" ")[0];  
		weatherToday = weatherToday + "\n天气:" + date.split(" ")[1];  
		weatherToday = weatherToday + "\n气温:" + detail.getProperty(5).toString();  
		weatherToday = weatherToday + "\n风力:" + detail.getProperty(7).toString() + "\n";  
		System.out.println("weatherToday is " + weatherToday);  
		Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, weatherToday, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  

	}  
}