python中图像处理相关库有很多，这里简单介绍PIL、cv2、scipy.imageio 、matplotlib.image、skimage等常用库，其中PIL库使用最方便，cv2库功能最强大。

PIL：Python Imaging Library

python安装：pip install Pillow
这里只给出读取、形状变化、图像转array、array转图像，以及保存图像的方法。

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

# read image
raw_image = Image.open("panda.jpg")
# image resize
image_resize = raw_image.resize((128, 128))
# image to array
image_array = np.array(image_resize)
# array to image
image_output = Image.fromarray(image_array)
# save image
image_output.save("new_panda.jpg")

plt.imshow(raw_image)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

python保存图片到指定路径 python中保存图片_python

cv2: opencv-python

python下安装：pip install opencv-python
python中的openCV库，非常强大，可以对图像做各种处理，这里暂时只给出读取和保存的方法。

import cv2

# read image, return np.array with BGR
raw_image = cv2.imread("panda.jpg")
# BGR to RGB
image_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(raw_image,cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
# image resize
image_resize = cv2.resize(raw_image, (128, 128))
# save image
cv2.imwrite("new_panda.jpg", image_resize)

keras.preprocessing

keras中处理图像的工具，其实底层处理用的PIL，不过多讲解。

from keras.preprocessing import image

# read image
raw_image = image.load_img("panda.jpg", target_size=(128, 128))
# image to array
image_array = image.img_to_array(raw_image)
# array to image
image_output = image.array_to_img(image_array)
# save image
image_output.save("new_panda.jpg")

scipy.imageio

安装：pip install imageio
科学计算库scipy中的方法，之前是scipy.misc，新版用imageio，misc弃用。

from imageio import imread, imsave

# read image
raw_image = imread("panda.jpg")
# save image
imsave("new_panda.jpg", image_resize)
# show image
plt.imshow(image_resize)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

matplotlib.image

绘图工具库matplotlib中的方法

import matplotlib.image as mpimg

# read image , return np.array
raw_image = mpimg.imread("panda.jpg")
# save image
mpimg.imsave("new_panda.jpg", raw_image)
# show image
plt.imshow(raw_image)
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

skimage: Scikit-Image

安装：pip install -U scikit-image
Scikit-Image图像处理是在scipy基础上扩展的，有兴趣可以了解。

from skimage import io

# read image
raw_image = io.imread("panda.jpg")
# save image
io.imsave("new_panda.jpg", raw_image)
# show image
io.imshow(raw_image)