C++ 项目之Googletest单元测试
1.Clion集成Googletest单元测试
Googletest - Google Testing and Mocking Framework
源码下载地址:
https://github.com/google/googletest/releases
Googletest中包含两个模块,分别是gtest与gmock,需要分别源码编译,编译完后,到指定目录去拷贝includes文件夹与.so文件到下面路径的指定位置.
然后项目中创建ext目录,里面分为两块
-
第一块:includes
包含gmock与gtest的include文件,对应于gcc -I参数,头文件路径,包含以.h结尾的头文件
-
第二块:libs
包含gmock与gtest的libs文件,对应gcc -L参数,库文件路径,里面包含的是一些.so或.dll等动态或静态链接库
├── ext
│ ├── includes
│ │ ├── gmock
│ │ └── gtest
│ └── libs
│ ├── gmock
│ └── gtest
上述本地项目路径配置好后,在CmakeLists.txt中进行配置:
# ext
set(BASE_INCLUDES ext/includes)
set(BASE_LIBS ext/libs)
# googletest
set(GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR ${BASE_INCLUDES}/gtest/include)
set(GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR ${BASE_INCLUDES}/gmock/include)
set(GTEST_LINK_DIR ${BASE_LIBS}/gtest/lib/)
set(GMOCK_LINK_DIR ${BASE_LIBS}/gmock/lib/)
# 去哪里找头文件 相当于gcc/clang 中的-I(i的大写字母)参数
include_directories(${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIR})
include_directories(${GMOCK_INCLUDE_DIR})
# 去哪里找库文件 .so .dll .dylib 相当于gcc 中的-L参数
link_directories(${GTEST_LINK_DIR})
link_directories(${GMOCK_LINK_DIR})
然后为每个test配上链接库即可.
例如,现在有个测试file,文件名为:了l1.cpp
那么在CmakeLists.txt中配置为:
add_executable(l1 l1.cpp)
target_link_libraries(l1 gtest gtest_main)
2.gtest之Helloworld
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// 接收命令行参数
testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
vector<int> x={1,2,3,5};
// EXPECT_EQ使用
for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i)
{
EXPECT_EQ(x[i], 1) << "Vectors x and y differ at index " << i;
}
RUN_ALL_TESTS();
return 0;
}
例如上述就是个完整的例子,每次运行:
testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
然后使用:
RUN_ALL_TESTS();
运行所有的Test,每个Test编写参考后面断言.
我们看看运行效果:
l1.cpp:113: Failure
Expected equality of these values:
x[i]
Which is: 2
1
Vectors x and y differ at index 1
l1.cpp:113: Failure
Expected equality of these values:
x[i]
Which is: 3
1
Vectors x and y differ at index 2
l1.cpp:113: Failure
Expected equality of these values:
x[i]
Which is: 5
1
Vectors x and y differ at index 3
[==========] Running 0 tests from 0 test cases.
[==========] 0 tests from 0 test cases ran. (0 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 0 tests.
[ FAILED ] 0 tests, listed below:
0 FAILED TESTS
3.gtest初识之断言
关于断言Google包装了一系列EXPECT和ASSERT的宏，而EXPECT系列和ASSERT系列的区别是：
-
EXPECT失败时，案例继续往下执行。 -
ASSERT失败时，直接在当前函数中返回，当前函数中ASSERT后面的语句将不会执行。
例如:
TEST(ASSERTTest, ASSERT_VS_EXPECT)
{
ASSERT_TRUE(10<2); // ASSERT失败,直接在当前函数中返回,后面语句不执行
ASSERT_FALSE(10<2);
EXPECT_EQ(6, Foo(310, 18));
}
每个Test是个宏,Test底层源码如下:
# define TEST(test_case_name, test_name) GTEST_TEST(test_case_name, test_name)
对应test_case名与test名.
上述代码中10<2为False,而使用了ASSERT_TRUE,该Test后面所有内容就不会执行,如果换成EXPECT_TRUE则正常运行!
布尔值检查
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
|---|---|---|
ASSERT_TRUE(condition); |
EXPECT_TRUE(condition); |
condition is true |
ASSERT_FALSE(condition); |
EXPECT_FALSE(condition); |
condition is false |
数值型数据检查
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion | Verifies |
|---|---|---|
ASSERT_EQ(expected,actual); |
EXPECT_EQ(expected,actual); |
expected == actual |
ASSERT_NE(val1,val2); |
EXPECT_NE(val1,val2); |
val1 != val2 |
ASSERT_LT(val1,val2); |
EXPECT_LT(val1,val2); |
val1 < val2 |
ASSERT_LE(val1,val2); |
EXPECT_LE(val1,val2); |
val1 <= val2 |
ASSERT_GT(val1,val2); |
EXPECT_GT(val1,val2); |
val1 > val2 |
ASSERT_GE(val1,val2); |
EXPECT_GE(val1,val2); |
val1 >= val2 |
字符串检查
TEST(StringCmpTest, Demo)
{
char* pszCoderZh = "CoderZh";
wchar_t* wszCoderZh = L"CoderZh";
std::string strCoderZh = "CoderZh";
std::wstring wstrCoderZh = L"CoderZh";
EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", pszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRNE("CnBlogs", pszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRNE(L"CnBlogs", wszCoderZh);
EXPECT_STRCASEEQ("coderzh", pszCoderZh);
//EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(L"coderzh", wszCoderZh); 不支持
EXPECT_STREQ("CoderZh", strCoderZh.c_str());
EXPECT_STREQ(L"CoderZh", wstrCoderZh.c_str());
}
其中STREQ和STRNE同时支持char和wchar_t类型的，STRCASEEQ和STRCASENE却只接收char*
显示返回成功或失败
直接返回成功：SUCCEED();
返回失败：
| Fatal assertion | Nonfatal assertion |
|---|---|
FAIL(); |
ADD_FAILURE(); |
// 返回成功与否
TEST(ExplicitTest, Demo)
{
ADD_FAILURE() << "这行打印失败 Sorry"; // None Fatal Asserton，继续往下执行。
//FAIL(); // Fatal Assertion，不往下执行该案例。
EXPECT_TRUE(1==2)<<"1==2 failed!"; // 为了验证上述失败后是否执行下面
SUCCEED();
}
异常检查
分为三个:
EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement); 不抛出异常
EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement);抛出任意类型异常
EXPECT_THROW(statement, exception_type); 抛出指定类型异常
TEST(ExceptionTest,et) {
// 抛出任意类型异常
EXPECT_ANY_THROW(10/0); //Expected: 10/0 throws an exception.
// 抛出指定类型异常
EXPECT_THROW(1/0,int); //Expected: 1/0 throws an exception of type int.
}
Predicate Assertions
检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时，希望能够输出传入的参数是什么，以便失败后好跟踪
例如:
// 预测断言
bool MN(int m, int n)
{
return m>n;
}
//检查一个函数的返回值TRUE还是FALSE时，希望能够输出传入的参数是什么，以便失败后好跟踪
TEST(PredicateAssertionTest, Demo)
{
int m = 5, n = 6;
EXPECT_PRED2(MN, m, n); //只提供<=5个参数 传递参数要与函数MN对应
}
`EXPECT_PRED2(pred2, val1, val2);ASSERT类似.PRED2可以到PRED5
最多支持5个参数.
浮点型检查
EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual)与EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual)
ASSERT类似.
对相近的两个数比较：
EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error);
ASSERT类似.
例如:
// 浮点型
TEST(FloatDoubleTest,Demo) {
ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(1.1,1.1);
EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(1.2,4.0);
EXPECT_NEAR(1.234,1.888,0.9);
// EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE, val1, val2);
// EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE, val1, val2);
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::FloatLE,1,0); // LE表示小于等于 也就是value1<=value2
EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(testing::DoubleLE,0.1,0.2);
}
类型检查
// 类型检查
template <typename T>
class Tt{
public:
void foo() {
testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<bool, T>(); // 与下面调用一致就不报错,否则报错
}
};
TEST(TypeAssertionTest, Demo)
{
Tt<bool> tt;
tt.foo();
}
