最近在搭一个UI自动化测试框架，想把整个搭建过程分享出来，如果有不对的地方，希望大家能够指正，首先创建一个名称为，antomation_framework_demo的工程文件，

pycharm中工程及文件如下图所示：

config:文件中包含调用的浏览器驱动及打开的URL地址

framework:

1、包含定义的页面基类，封装常用的页面操作方法

2、包含打开浏览器操作以及在相对路径下获取浏览器driver

3、日志处理方法

logs:执行日志以时间格式保存在该文件夹下，如：20190809162812.txt

pageobjects:定义homepage类，用来处理常用页面操作方法的操作

screenshots:执行截图存放文件，命名格式与日志命名格式一致

test_report:存放执行后生成的测试报告

testsuits:持续集成执行方法

tools:浏览器驱动存放文件夹

好了，具体的包已经创建完成了，现在开始看一下config文件，首先在config文件夹下右键新建->file文件->名称输入config.ini点击确定，打开config.ini，输入如下配置：

#配置文件，只存储浏览器类型和服务器URL #调用的浏览器驱动，保留现在使用的浏览器驱动
[browserType] #browserName = Firefox
browserName = Chrome #browserName = IE #打开URL地址，以百度为例
[testServer] URL = https://www.baidu.com

framework包中文件如下所示：

在framework包下创建base_page.py文件，文件中封装一些页面常用操作方法，可以自己在这个类中进行对应方法的添加，代码如下：

1 # coding=utf-8
2 import time 3 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException 4 import os.path 5 from framework.logger import Logger 6
7 # create a logger instance
8 logger = Logger(logger="BasePage").getlog() 9
10
11 class BasePage(object): 12 """
13 定义一个页面基类，让所有页面都继承这个类，封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类 14 """
15
16 def __init__(self, driver): 17 self.driver = driver 18
19 # quit browser and end testing
20 def quit_browser(self): 21 self.driver.quit() 22
23 # 浏览器前进操作
24 def forward(self): 25 self.driver.forward() 26 logger.info("Click forward on current page.") 27
28 # 浏览器后退操作
29 def back(self): 30 self.driver.back() 31 logger.info("Click back on current page.") 32
33 # 隐式等待
34 def wait(self, seconds): 35 self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds) 36 logger.info("wait for %d seconds." % seconds) 37
38 # 点击关闭当前窗口
39 def close(self): 40 try: 41 self.driver.close() 42 logger.info("Closing and quit the browser.") 43 except NameError as e: 44 logger.error("Failed to quit the browser with %s" % e) 45
46 # 保存图片
 47 def get_windows_img(self): 48 """
49 在这里我们把file_path这个参数写死，直接保存到我们项目根目录的一个文件夹.\Screenshots下 50 """
51 file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘.‘)) + ‘\screenshots\\‘
52 rq = time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d%H%M%S‘, time.localtime(time.time())) 53 screen_name = file_path + rq + ‘.png‘
 54 try: 55 self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name) 56 logger.info("Had take screenshot and save to folder : \screenshots") 57 except NameError as e: 58 logger.error("Failed to take screenshot! %s" % e) 59 self.get_windows_img() 60 
61 # 定位元素方法
62 def find_element(self, selector): 63 """
64 这个地方为什么是根据=>来切割字符串，请看页面里定位元素的方法 65 submit_btn = "id=>su" 66 login_lnk = "xpath => //*[@id=‘u1‘]/a[7]" # 百度首页登录链接定位 67 如果采用等号，结果很多xpath表达式中包含一个=，这样会造成切割不准确，影响元素定位 68 :param selector: 69 :return: element 70 """
71 element = ‘‘
72 if ‘=>‘ not in selector: 73 return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector) 74 selector_by = selector.split(‘=>‘)[0] 75 selector_value = selector.split(‘=>‘)[1] 76
77 if selector_by == "i" or selector_by == ‘id‘: 78 try: 79 element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value) 80 logger.info("Had find the element \‘ %s \‘ successful "
 81 "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value)) 82 except NoSuchElementException as e: 83 logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e) 84 self.get_windows_img() # take screenshot
85 elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == ‘name‘: 86 element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value) 87 elif selector_by == "c" or selector_by == ‘class_name‘: 88 element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value) 89 elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == ‘link_text‘: 90 element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value) 91 elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == ‘partial_link_text‘: 92 element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value) 93 elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == ‘tag_name‘: 94 element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value) 95 elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == ‘xpath‘: 96 try: 97 element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value) 98 logger.info("Had find the element \‘ %s \‘ successful "
 99 "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value)) 100 except NoSuchElementException as e: 101 logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e) 102 self.get_windows_img() 103 elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == ‘selector_selector‘: 104 element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value) 105 else: 106 raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.") 107 
108 return element 109
110
111 # 输入
112 def type(self, selector, text): 113
114 el = self.find_element(selector) 115 el.clear() 116 try: 117 el.send_keys(text) 118 logger.info("Had type \‘ %s \‘ in inputBox" % text) 119 except NameError as e: 120 logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" % e) 121 self.get_windows_img() 122 
123 # 清除文本框
124 def clear(self, selector): 125
126 el = self.find_element(selector) 127 try: 128 el.clear() 129 logger.info("Clear text in input box before typing.") 130 except NameError as e: 131 logger.error("Failed to clear in input box with %s" % e) 132 self.get_windows_img() 133 
134 # 点击元素
135 def click(self, selector): 136
137 el = self.find_element(selector) 138 try: 139 el.click() 140 logger.info("The element \‘ %s \‘ was clicked." % el.text) 141 except NameError as e: 142 logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e) 143
144 # 或者网页标题
145 def get_page_title(self): 146 logger.info("Current page title is %s" % self.driver.title) 147 return self.driver.title 148
149 @staticmethod 150 def sleep(seconds): 151 time.sleep(seconds) 152 logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds)
browser_engine.py中封装获取根目录下浏览器驱动方法和浏览器操作方法，但需要注意的是，如果在里面使用中文，需要切换方法，但是小编在切换了以后还是不对，可能是因为使用2.7版本python吧，用3.x版本的朋友可以尝试一下使用中文进行日志打印的操作，代码如下：
1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
2 import ConfigParser 3 import os.path 4 from selenium import webdriver 5 from framework.logger import Logger 6
7 logger = Logger(logger="BrowserEngine").getlog() 8
9
10 class BrowserEngine(object): 11 dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘.‘)) # 注意相对路径获取方法
12 chrome_driver_path = dir + ‘/tools/chromedriver.exe‘
13 ie_driver_path = dir + ‘/tools/IEDriverServer.exe‘
14
15 def __init__(self, driver): 16 self.driver = driver 17
18 # read the browser type from config.ini file, return the driver
19 def open_browser(self, driver): 20 config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() 21 # file_path = os.path.dirname(os.getcwd()) + ‘/config/config.ini‘
22 file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘.‘)) + ‘/config/config.ini‘
23 config.read(file_path) 24 # config.read(file_path,encoding=‘UTF-8‘), 如果代码有中文注释，用这个，不然报解码错误
25
26 browser = config.get("browserType", "browserName") 27 logger.info("You had select %s browser." % browser) 28 url = config.get("testServer", "URL") 29 logger.info("The test server url is: %s" % url) 30
31 if browser == "Firefox": 32 driver = webdriver.Firefox() 33 logger.info("Starting firefox browser.") 34 elif browser == "Chrome": 35 driver = webdriver.Chrome(self.chrome_driver_path) 36 logger.info("Starting Chrome browser.") 37 elif browser == "IE": 38 driver = webdriver.Ie(self.ie_driver_path) 39 logger.info("Starting IE browser.") 40
41 driver.get(url) 42 logger.info("Open url: %s" % url) 43 driver.maximize_window() 44 logger.info("Maximize the current window.") 45 driver.implicitly_wait(10) 46 logger.info("Set implicitly wait 10 seconds.") 47 return driver 48
49 def quit_browser(self): 50 logger.info("Now, Close and quit the browser.") 51 self.driver.quit()