在Web开发中,有一个经典的功能,就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出,在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍,因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是Excel 或者 PDF……
首先我们来导出Excel格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI……这里我们用Apache POI
package org.cric.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
/**
* 利用开源组件POI3.7动态导出EXCEL文档
* @author Administrator
*
* @param <T> 应用泛型,代表一个符合javabean风格的类
* 注意这里为了简单起见,boolean的属性xxx的get方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx()
* byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据
*/
public class ExportExcel<T> {
public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset,OutputStream out){
this.exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
}
public void exportExcel(String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset,OutputStream out){
this.exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out,"yyyy-MM-dd");
}
public void exportExcep(String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset,OutputStream out,String patterm){
this.exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, patterm);
}
/**
* 这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL的形式输出到指定IO设备上
* @param title
* 表格标题名
* @param headers
* 表格属性列名数组
* @param dataset
* 需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的
* javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型以String,Date,byte[](图片数据)
* @param out
* 与输出设备关联的流对象,可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中
* @param pattem
* 如果有时间数据,设定输出格式。默认为"yyyy-MM-dd";
*/
public void exportExcel(String title,String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset,OutputStream out,String pattem){
//声明一个工作簿
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
//生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title);
//设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节
sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(15);
//生成一个样式(用于单元格)
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
//生成一个字体(用于单元格)
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12);
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
//把字体应用到当前的样式
style.setFont(font);
//生成并设置另一个样式
HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle();
style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
//生成另一个字体
HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
//把字体应用到当前的样式
style2.setFont(font2);
//声明一个画图的顶级管理器
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
//定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档
HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,0,0,(short)4,2,(short)6,5));
//设置注释内容
comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释!"));
//设置注释作者,当鼠标移动单单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容。
comment.setAuthor("wuhaidong");
//产生表格标题行
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for(int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++){
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style);//设置单元格样式(包含字体)
HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]);
cell.setCellValue(text);//把数据放到单元格中
}
//遍历集合数据,产生数据行
Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator();
int index = 0;
while(it.hasNext()){
index++;
row = sheet.createRow(index);
T t = (T)it.next();
//利用反射,根据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态的调用getXxx()方法得到属性值
Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
for(int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++){
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellStyle(style2);
Field field = fields[i];
String fieldName = field.getName();
String getMethodName = "get"+fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+fieldName.substring(1);
Class tCls = t.getClass();
try {
Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName, new Class[]{});
Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[]{});
// 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换
String textValue = null;
/*if(value instanceof Integer){
Integer intValue = (Integer)value;
cell.setCellValue(intValue);
}else if(value instanceof Float){
Float floatValue = (Float)value;
cell.setCellValue(floatValue);
}else if(value instanceof Double){
Double doubleValue = (Double)value;
cell.setCellValue(doubleValue);
}else if(value instanceof Long){
Long longValue = (Long)value;
cell.setCellValue(longValue);
}else */
if(value instanceof Boolean){
boolean booleanValue = (Boolean)value;
textValue = "男";
if(!booleanValue){
textValue = "女";
}
cell.setCellValue(textValue);
}else if(value instanceof Date){
Date date = (Date)value;
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattem);
textValue = sdf.format(date);
cell.setCellValue(textValue);
}else if(value instanceof byte[]){
//有图片时,设置行高为60px;
row.setHeightInPoints(60);
//设置有图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算
sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short)(35.7*80));
//sheet.autoSizeColumn(i);
byte[] bsValue = (byte[])value;
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0,0,1023,55,(short)6,index,(short)6,index);
anchor.setAnchorType(2);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor,workbook.addPicture(bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
}else{
//其它数据类型都当做字符串简单处理
textValue = value.toString();
}
//如果不是图片数据,就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成
if(textValue != null){
Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^\\d+(\\.\\d+)?$");
Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);
if(matcher.matches()){
//是数字当作double处理
cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));
}else{
HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(textValue);
HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont();
font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
richString.applyFont(font3);
cell.setCellValue(richString);
}
}
} catch (SecurityException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//关闭资源
}
}
}
try {
workbook.write(out);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
package org.cric.util;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import org.leno.export.util.Student;
public class ExportExcelTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExportExcel<Student> exportExcel = new ExportExcel<Student>();
String[] headers = new String[]{"学好","姓名","年龄","性别","出生日期"};
Student stu = new Student(1000,"小三",23,true, new Date());
Student stu2 = new Student(1001,"李四",22,false,new Date());
Student stu3 = new Student(1002,"老张",24,true,new Date());
Student stu4 = new Student(1003,"王五",22,true,new Date());
List<Student> studentList = new ArrayList<Student>();
studentList.add(stu);
studentList.add(stu2);
studentList.add(stu3);
studentList.add(stu4);
FileOutputStream out = null;
try {
out = new FileOutputStream("E:\\报表.xls");
exportExcel.exportExcep(headers, studentList, out, "yyyy-MM-dd");
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功");
System.out.println("EXCEL导出成功!");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(null != out){
try {
out.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}