Kubernetes高可用集群（二进制，v1.18）

1.2 安装要求在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件： 一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64 硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多 可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点 禁止swap分区

单Master架构图： 单Master服务器规划： k8s-master 10.168.104.206 kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd k8s-node1 10.168.104.205 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd k8s-node2 10.168.104.204 kubelet，kube-proxy，docker，etcd 1.4 操作系统初始化配置 #关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld

#关闭selinux sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久 setenforce 0 # 临时

#关闭swap swapoff -a # 临时 sed -ri 's/.swap./#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久

#根据规划设置主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

在master添加hosts

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 10.168.104.206 k8s-master 10.168.104.205 k8s-node1 10.168.104.204 k8s-node2 EOF

将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl --system # 生效

时间同步

yum install ntpdate -y ntpdate time.windows.com 二、部署Etcd集群 Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储，所以先准备一个Etcd数据库，为解决Etcd单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用3台组建集群，可容忍1台机器故障，当然，你也可以使用5台组建集群，可容忍2台机器故障。

注：为了节省机器，这里与K8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署，只要apiserver能连接到就行。 2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具 cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用json文件生成证书，相比openssl更方便使用。 找任意一台服务器操作，这里用Master节点。 wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo 2.2 生成Etcd证书

1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）创建工作目录： mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s} cd TLS/etcd 自签CA： cat > ca-config.json << EOF { "signing": { "default": { "expiry": "87600h" }, "profiles": { "www": { "expiry": "87600h", "usages": [ "signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth" ] } } } } EOF

cat > ca-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "etcd CA", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "Beijing", "ST": "Beijing" } ] } EOF 生成证书： cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem ca-key.pem ca.pem 2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书创建证书申请文件： cat > server-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "etcd", "hosts": [ "192.168.31.71", "192.168.31.72", "192.168.31.73" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing" } ] } EOF 注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。 生成证书： cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem server-key.pem server.pem 2.3 从Github下载二进制文件下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz2.4 部署Etcd集群 以下在节点1上操作，为简化操作，待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3.1. 创建工作目录并解压二进制包 mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/ 2. 创建etcd配置文件 cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="10.168.104.206:2380" ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.168.104.206:2379"

#[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.168.104.206:2380" ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.168.104.206:2379" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.168.104.206:2380,etcd-2=https://10.168.104.205:2380,etcd-3=https://10.168.104.204:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" EOF

ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一 ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录 ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址 ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址 ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

3. systemd管理etcd cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Etcd Server After=network.target After=network-online.target Wants=network-online.target

[Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
--logger=zap Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF 4. 拷贝刚才生成的证书把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径： cp ~/TLS/etcd/capem ~/TLS/etcd/serverpem /opt/etcd/ssl/ 5. 启动并设置开机启动systemctl daemon-reloadsystemctl start etcdsystemctl enable etcd6. 将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3

scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@10.168.104.205:/opt/ scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@10.168.104.205:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@10.168.104.205:/opt/ scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@10.168.104.205:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ 然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP：

vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf #[Member] ETCD_NAME="etcd-1" # 修改此处，节点2改为etcd-2，节点3改为etcd-3 ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd" ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.168.104.205:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.168.104.205:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP

#[Clustering] ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.168.104.205:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.168.104.205:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://10.168.104.206:2380,etcd-2=https://10.168.104.205:2380,etcd-3=https://10.168.104.204:2380" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster" ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new" 最后启动etcd并设置开机启动，同上。7. 查看集群状态

ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://10.168.104.206:2379,https://10.168.104.205:2379,https://10.168.104.204:2379" endpoint health

https://10.168.104.206:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.154404ms https://10.168.104.205:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.044117ms https://10.168.104.204:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.000825ms 如果输出上面信息，就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志：/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd 三、安装Docker 下载地址：https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz 以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装，用yum安装也一样。3.1 解压二进制包

tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz mv docker/* /usr/bin3.2 systemd管理docker

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=https://docs.docker.com After=network-online.target firewalld.service Wants=network-online.target

[Service] Type=notify ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID LimitNOFILE=infinity LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity TimeoutStartSec=0 Delegate=yes KillMode=process Restart=on-failure StartLimitBurst=3 StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF3.3 创建配置文件

mkdir /etc/docker cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF * registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器

3.4 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start docker systemctl enable docker 四、部署Master Node4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书1. 自签证书颁发机构（CA）

cat > ca-config.json << EOF { "signing": { "default": { "expiry": "87600h" }, "profiles": { "kubernetes": { "expiry": "87600h", "usages": [ "signing", "key encipherment", "server auth", "client auth" ] } } } } EOF cat > ca-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "kubernetes", "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "Beijing", "ST": "Beijing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF 生成证书：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

ls *pem ca-key.pem ca.pem2. 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书 创建证书申请文件：

cd TLS/k8s cat > server-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "kubernetes", "hosts": [ "10.0.0.1", "127.0.0.1", "10.168.104.206", "10.168.104.205", "10.168.104.204", "10.168.104.203", "10.168.104.202", "10.168.104.201", "kubernetes", "kubernetes.default", "kubernetes.default.svc", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster", "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" ], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF 注：上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。 生成证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

ls server*pem server-key.pem server.pem4.2 从Github下载二进制文件 下载地址： https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183 注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。4.3 解压二进制包

mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz cd kubernetes/server/bin cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin cp kubectl /usr/bin/4.4 部署kube-apiserver1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \ --v=2 \ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \ --etcd-servers=https://10.168.104.206:2379,https://10.168.104.205:2379,https://10.168.104.204:2379 \ --bind-address=10.168.104.206 \ --secure-port=6443 \ --advertise-address=10.168.104.206 \ --allow-privileged=true \ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \ --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \ --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \ --token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \ --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \ --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \ --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \ --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \ --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \ --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \ --etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \ --etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \ --audit-log-maxage=30 \ --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \ --audit-log-maxsize=100 \ --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log" EOF 注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。 --logtostderr：启用日志 ---v：日志等级 --log-dir：日志目录 --etcd-servers：etcd集群地址 --bind-address：监听地址 --secure-port：https安全端口 --advertise-address：集群通告地址 --allow-privileged：启用授权 --service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段 --enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块 --authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理 --enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制 --token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件 --service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围 --kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书 --tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书 --etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书 --audit-log-xxx：审计日志

2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书 把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径： cp ~/TLS/k8s/capem ~/TLS/k8s/serverpem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/3. 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制 TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver启用TLS认证后，Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信，必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以，当Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书，kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式，目前主要用于kubelet，kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。 TLS bootstraping 工作流程： 创建上述配置文件中token文件：

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper" EOF 格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组 token也可自行生成替换： head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '4. systemd管理apiserver

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes API Server Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS Restart=on-failure

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-apiserver systemctl enable kube-apiserver6. 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper
--user=kubelet-bootstrap4.5 部署kube-controller-manager1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \ --v=2 \ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \ --leader-elect=true \ --master=127.0.0.1:8080 \ --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \ --allocate-node-cidrs=true \ --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \ --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \ --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \ --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s" EOF --master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。 --leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA） --cluster-signing-cert-file/--cluster-signing-key-file：自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA，与apiserver保持一致

2. systemd管理controller-manager

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS Restart=on-failure

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-controller-manager systemctl enable kube-controller-manager4.6 部署kube-scheduler1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false
--v=2
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs
--leader-elect
--master=127.0.0.1:8080
--bind-address=127.0.0.1" EOF --master：通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。 --leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

2. systemd管理scheduler

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Scheduler Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS Restart=on-failure

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF3. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-scheduler systemctl enable kube-scheduler4. 查看集群状态 所有组件都已经启动成功，通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态：

kubectl get cs NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR scheduler Healthy ok controller-manager Healthy ok etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"} etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"} etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"} 如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。 五、部署Worker Node 下面还是在Master Node上操作，即同时作为Worker Node5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件 在所有worker node创建工作目录： mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 从master节点拷贝：

cd kubernetes/server/bin cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin # 本地拷贝5.2 部署kubelet1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \ --v=2 \ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \ --hostname-override=k8s-master \ --network-plugin=cni \ --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \ --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \ --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \ --cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \ --pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0" EOF --hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一 --network-plugin：启用CNI --kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver --bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书 --config：配置参数文件 --cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录 --pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF kind: KubeletConfiguration apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1 address: 0.0.0.0 port: 10250 readOnlyPort: 10255 cgroupDriver: cgroupfs clusterDNS:

• 10.0.0.2 clusterDomain: cluster.local failSwapOn: false authentication: anonymous: enabled: false webhook: cacheTTL: 2m0s enabled: true x509: clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem authorization: mode: Webhook webhook: cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s evictionHard: imagefs.available: 15% memory.available: 100Mi nodefs.available: 10% nodefs.inodesFree: 5% maxOpenFiles: 1000000 maxPods: 110 EOF3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件（主：$代表是需要填写具体的数值或者IP）

KUBE_APISERVER="https://10.168.104.206:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致

生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap"
--token=${TOKEN}
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig kubectl config set-context default
--cluster=kubernetes
--user="kubelet-bootstrap"
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig 拷贝到配置文件路径： cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg4. systemd管理kubelet

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Kubelet After=docker.service

[Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kubelet systemctl enable kubelet5.3 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群

查看kubelet证书请求

kubectl get csr NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A 6m3s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

批准申请

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A

查看节点

kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master NotReady <none> 7s v1.18.3 注：由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady 5.4 部署kube-proxy1. 创建配置文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \ --v=2 \ --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \ --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml" EOF2. 配置参数文件

cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF kind: KubeProxyConfiguration apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 bindAddress: 0.0.0.0 metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249 clientConnection: kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig hostnameOverride: k8s-master clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24 EOF3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件 生成kube-proxy证书：

切换工作目录

cd TLS/k8s

创建证书请求文件

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF { "CN": "system:kube-proxy", "hosts": [], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "BeiJing", "ST": "BeiJing", "O": "k8s", "OU": "System" } ] } EOF

生成证书

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

ls kube-proxy*pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem 生成kubeconfig文件：

KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig kubectl config set-context default
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kube-proxy
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig 拷贝到配置文件指定路径： cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/4. systemd管理kube-proxy

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Proxy After=network.target

[Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS Restart=on-failure LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF5. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kube-proxy systemctl enable kube-proxy5.5 部署CNI网络 先准备好CNI二进制文件： 下载地址：https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：

mkdir /opt/cni/bin tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin 部署CNI网络：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml 默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为docker hub镜像仓库。

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kubectl get pods -n kube-system NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 72s

kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready <none> 41m v1.18.3 部署好网络插件，Node准备就绪。5.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet

cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRole metadata: annotations: rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true" labels: kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet rules:

• apiGroups:
• "" resources:
• nodes/proxy
• nodes/stats
• nodes/log
• nodes/spec
• nodes/metrics
• pods/log verbs:
• "*"

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: system:kube-apiserver namespace: "" roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet subjects:

• apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: User name: kubernetes EOF

kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml5.7 新增加Worker Node1. 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点 在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到其他节点（分别在node1,node2上面添加）

scp /opt/kubernetes root@10.168.104.206:/opt/

scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system

scp -r /opt/cni/ root@10.168.104.206:/opt/

scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@10.168.104.206:/opt/kubernetes/ssl2. 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件

rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet* 注：这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个Node不同，必须删除重新生成。3. 修改主机名（分别在node1,node2上面添加，不同节点的名称要不一样）

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf --hostname-override=k8s-node1

vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml hostnameOverride: k8s-node14. 启动并设置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start kubelet systemctl enable kubelet systemctl start kube-proxy systemctl enable kube-proxy5. 在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请

kubectl get csr NAME AGE SIGNERNAME REQUESTOR CONDITION node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro 89s kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet kubelet-bootstrap Pending

kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro6. 查看Node状态

kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready <none> 65m v1.18.3 k8s-node1 Ready <none> 12m v1.18.3 k8s-node2 Ready <none> 81s v1.18.3 Node2（192.168.31.73 ）节点同上。记得修改主机名！ 六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS6.1 部署Dashboard $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml 默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问，修改Service为NodePort类型，暴露到外部：（注：这里要这是列车具体要修改的，yaml里的其他配置没有显示，所以都是需要的）

vi recommended.yaml kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports:

• port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 30001 type: NodePort selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb 1/1 Running 0 2m18s pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx 1/1 Running 0 2m19s

NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.0.0.141 <none> 8000/TCP 2m19s service/kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.0.0.239 <none> 443:30001/TCP 2m19s 访问地址：https://NodeIP:30001 创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色：

kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}') 使用输出的token登录Dashboard。

至此，单Master集群部署完成。