mysql的yum、二进制、源码编译安装

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mysql安装

通过RPM包安装

#centos8安装
[root@centos8 ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
[root@centos8 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld  #开启服务
#centos7安装（因例实原因centos7官方包中只有mariadb包）
#可以通过源码编译安装或找到mysql专用yum源安装
[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb
#ubuntu18.04安装
root@ubuntu18:/# apt list mysql*
Listing... Done
mysql-client/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 all
mysql-client-5.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mysql-client-core-5.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mysql-common/bionic 5.8+1.0.4 all
mysql-sandbox/bionic 3.2.05-1 all
mysql-server/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 all
mysql-server-5.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mysql-server-core-5.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mysql-source-5.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mysql-testsuite/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 all
mysql-testsuite-5.7/bionic-updates,bionic-security 5.7.37-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64
mysql-utilities/bionic 1.6.4-1 all
mysql-workbench/bionic 6.3.8+dfsg-1build3 amd64
mysql-workbench-data/bionic 6.3.8+dfsg-1build3 all
mysqltcl/bionic 3.052-2 amd64
mysqltuner/bionic 1.7.2-1 all
root@ubuntu18:/# apt -y install mysql-server   #默认开启服务但只能本地访问

二进制安装

二进制安装就是已经编译了源码只要准备运行环境稍加配置就可以运行程序

通用包下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

例：mysql-5.7.33安装

1、安装相关依赖包准备二进制安装通用包

[root@centos7 test]# yum  -y install libaio numactl-libs
[root@centos7 data]# ls
mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、创建用户和组

[root@centos7 test]# groupadd mysql
[root@centos7 test]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@centos7 data]# id mysql
uid=994(mysql) gid=2022(mysql) groups=2022(mysql)

3、解压安装包并准备文件

[root@centos7 data]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local   #因编译时指定目录所以解包需指定路径
[root@centos7 data]# cd /usr/local/
[root@centos7 local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql  #因编译时安装路劲没有携带版本号所以需创建软连接去掉版本号
[root@centos7 local]# chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql/  #修改目录下所有文件的所属

4、编写配置文件

[root@centos7 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

5、修改变量

[root@centos7 mysql]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos7 mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

6、初始化mysql并设置root口令为空

[root@localhost data]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

7、添加服务启动脚本

[root@localhost data]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost data]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost data]# systemctl start mysqld

8、测试登录

[root@localhost data]# mysql   #应设置为空口令所以隐藏-uroot -p(口令)
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

源码编译安装

mysql的编译安装需要使用cmake编译

#安装手册
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/
#编译选项
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/source-configuration-options.html
#下载地址
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

例：以mysql5.6.51为例

关闭firewalld及selinux

1、准备数据库目录并创建mysql用户

[root@centos8 /]# mkdir -p /data/mysql #数据目录
[root@centos8 /]# mkdir /app  #程序目录
[root@centos8 /]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin  -d /data/mysql mysql
[root@centos8 /]# chown mysql.mysql /data/mysql

2、安装依赖包

[root@centos8 /]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ cmake bison  zlib-devel libcurl-devel boost-devel   ncurses-devel gnutls-devel libxml2-devel openssl-devel libevent-devel libaio-devel perl-Data-Dumper

3、下载并解压源码包

[root@centos8 app]# tar xvf mysql-5.6.51.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
[root@centos8 app]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@centos8 src]# cd mysql-5.6.51/
[root@centos8 src]# cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/app/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc/ \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITHOUT_MROONGA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_DEBUG=0 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
[root@centos8 src]# make && make install 
#如果出错执行rm -f CMakeCache.txt

4、添加环境变量

[root@centos8 app]# echo 'PATH=/app/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos8 app]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

5、生成数据库

[root@centos8 app]# cd /app/mysql    #必须在此目录下执行脚本
[root@centos8 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql

6、准备配置文件及服务脚本

[root@centos8 mysql]# cp -b /app/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@centos8 mysql]# cp /app/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos8 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos8 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

7、做安全初始化

[root@centos8 /]# mysql_secure_installation

MariDB 二进制安装

例：以maridb 10.4.24为例

1、安装依赖包准备程序包

[root@centos8 /]# yum -y install libaio*
[root@centos8 data]# ls
mariadb-10.4.24-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

2、创建账户，官方编译时默认指定运行程序用户为mysql

[root@centos8 /]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin  -d /data/mysql mysql

3、解压安装包并准备文件

[root@centos8 data]# tar xvf mariadb-10.4.24-linux-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local
[root@centos8 local]# ln -s /usr/local/mariadb-10.4.24-linux-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos8 local]# chown -R root:root /usr/local/mysql/

4、准备配置文件

[root@centos8 local]# cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid

5、修改变量

[root@centos8 local]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos8 local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@centos8 local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@centos8 local]#

6、准备数据库目录并运行初始化脚本

[root@centos8 data]#  mkdir mysql
[root@centos8 data]# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
[root@centos8 data]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos8 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql  --datadir=/data/mysql

7、添加服务启动脚本

[root@localhost data]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/maridbd
[root@localhost data]# chkconfig --add maridbd
[root@localhost data]# systemctl start maridbd

8、测试登陆

[root@centos8 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 10.4.24-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 
MariaDB [(none)]> status;
--------------
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.4.24-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:		10
Current database:	
Current user:		root@localhost
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server:			MariaDB
Server version:		10.4.24-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:	latin1
Db     characterset:	latin1
Client characterset:	utf8
Conn.  characterset:	utf8
UNIX socket:		/tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime:			4 min 54 sec

Threads: 6  Questions: 7  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 17  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 10  Queries per second avg: 0.023
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