之前碰过这题的一维形式,随便也说一下题解吧。。
在已经收集了i个类型之后,再选一个能得到新类型的概率是(n-i)/n,所以要收集到第i+1个类型要选取的个数的期望是n/(n-i),所以收集n个类型的期望是sum(n/(n-i))
然而这方法貌似不能应用于二维。。因为到达d[i][j]的方法不止一种。。。如果这种思路还能再推广到二维的话请务必赐教orz
然后标解貌似是一个比较通用的思路。。直接粘贴。。。
然后这个思路放到一维也是行得通的。。
d[i]=i/n*d[i]+(n-i)/n*d[i+1]+1
化简得d[i]=d[i+1]+n/(n-i) 和上面的分析一样了。。
Collecting Bugs
Time Limit: 10000MS | | Memory Limit: 64000K |
Total Submissions: 6731 | | Accepted: 3265 |
Case Time Limit: 2000MS | | Special Judge |
Description
Ivan is fond of collecting. Unlike other people who collect post stamps, coins or other material stuff, he collects software bugs. When Ivan gets a new program, he classifies all possible bugs into n categories. Each day he discovers exactly one bug in the program and adds information about it and its category into a spreadsheet. When he finds bugs in all bug categories, he calls the program disgusting, publishes this spreadsheet on his home page, and forgets completely about the program.
Two companies, Macrosoft and Microhard are in tight competition. Microhard wants to decrease sales of one Macrosoft program. They hire Ivan to prove that the program in question is disgusting. However, Ivan has a complicated problem. This new program has s subcomponents, and finding bugs of all types in each subcomponent would take too long before the target could be reached. So Ivan and Microhard agreed to use a simpler criteria --- Ivan should find at least one bug in each subsystem and at least one bug of each category.
Macrosoft knows about these plans and it wants to estimate the time that is required for Ivan to call its program disgusting. It's important because the company releases a new version soon, so it can correct its plans and release it quicker. Nobody would be interested in Ivan's opinion about the reliability of the obsolete version.
A bug found in the program can be of any category with equal probability. Similarly, the bug can be found in any given subsystem with equal probability. Any particular bug cannot belong to two different categories or happen simultaneously in two different subsystems. The number of bugs in the program is almost infinite, so the probability of finding a new bug of some category in some subsystem does not reduce after finding any number of bugs of that category in that subsystem.
Find an average time (in days of Ivan's work) required to name the program disgusting.
Input
Input file contains two integer numbers, n and s (0 < n, s <= 1 000).
Output
Output the expectation of the Ivan's working days needed to call the program disgusting, accurate to 4 digits after the decimal point.
Sample Input
1 2
Sample Output
3.0000
Source
Northeastern Europe 2004, Northern Subregion
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