CentOS 7 VSFTPD 安装与配置（虚拟用户）

一、LINUX最小安装

Linux 版本

二、禁用防火墙

禁用firewall也可以，更彻底：

systemctl disable firewalld

@其他关于防火墙的命令

启动： systemctl start firewalld

关闭： systemctl stop firewalld

查看状态： systemctl status firewalld

开机禁用 ： systemctl disable firewalld

开机启用 ： systemctl enable firewalld

三、关闭selinux

关闭selinux，不关闭ftp工具应该可以连接，但是传输文件的时候，会发现文件上传和下载都会出现500、503 、200等报错

通过配置文件修改禁用

#打开SELINUX配置文件

vi /etc/selinux/config

#修改配置参数

#注释

SELINUX=enforcing

#增加

SELINUX=disabled

四、安装VSFTPD

#安装

yum install -y vsftpd

#设置开机启动

systemctl enable vsftpd.service

#启动

service vsftpd start

#停止

service vsftpd stop

#查看状态

service vsftpd status

五、虚拟用户配置

首先需要我们新建一个虚拟宿主用户，也就是上边说的要映射的真实用户：

useradd virtualhost -s /sbin/nologin

这里设置宿主用户也不允许登录系统

修改配置文件如下（红色字体为修改处）：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

#

# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file

# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.

# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.

#

# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.

# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's

# capabilities.

#

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).

anonymous_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.

# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir

local_enable=YES

#

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.

write_enable=YES

#

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,

# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)

local_umask=022

#

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only

# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will

# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.

# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access

anon_upload_enable=NO

#

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create

# new directories.

anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

#

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they

# go into a certain directory.

dirmessage_enable=YES

#

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.

xferlog_enable=YES

#

# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

connect_from_port_20=YES

#

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by

# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not

# recommended!

chown_uploads=NO

#chown_username=whoever

#

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown

# below.

xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog

#

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.

# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.

xferlog_std_format=YES

#

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.

#idle_session_timeout=600

#

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.

#data_connection_timeout=120

#

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the

# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.

#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

#

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not

# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,

# however, may confuse older FTP clients.

async_abor_enable=YES

#

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore

# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII

# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains

# the behaviour when these options are disabled.

# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service

# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd

# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the

# raw file.

# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.

ascii_upload_enable=YES

ascii_download_enable=YES

#

# You may fully customise the login banner string:

ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

#

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently

# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.

#deny_email_enable=YES

# (default follows)

#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

#

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home

# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of

# users to NOT chroot().

# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that

# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the

# chroot)

chroot_local_user=YES

chroot_list_enable=NO

# (default follows)

# chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

#

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by

# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large

# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume

# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.

ls_recurse_enable=NO

#

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and

# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction

# with the listen_ipv6 directive.

listen=YES

#

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening

# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6

# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6

# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific

# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration

# files.

# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!

# listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd

userlist_enable=YES

tcp_wrappers=YES

guest_enable=YES

guest_username=virtualhost

virtual_use_local_privs=YES

user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/virtualconf

listen_port=9021

pasv_max_port=9025

pasv_min_port=9022

pasv_promiscuous=YES

注意：

1、开启所有用户限定不能登出其主目录

对于chroot_local_user与chroot_list_enable的组合效果，可以参考下表：

参考：vsftpd 配置:chroot_local_user与chroot_list_enable详解_Laurence的技术博客-CSDN博客

2、如果主目录可写就需要开启以下，否则报500错误

allow_writeable_chroot=YES    可以写入用户的主目录权限

当我们限定了用户不能跳出其主目录之后，使用该用户登录FTP时往往会遇到这个错误：

500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()

从2.3.5之后，vsftpd增强了安全检查，如果用户被限定在了其主目录下，则该用户的主目录不能再具有写权限了！如果检查发现还有写权限，就会报该错误。

要修复这个错误，可以用命令chmod a-w /home/user去除用户主目录的写权限，注意把目录替换成你自己的。或者你可以在vsftpd的配置文件中增加下列两项中的一项：

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

参考：vsftpd：500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()错误的解决方法_Laurence的技术博客-CSDN博客

3、Vsftpd的日志文件不存在，建立Vsftpd的日志文件，并更该属主为Vsftpd的服务宿主用户。

touch /var/log/vsftpd.log

chown virtualhost.virtualhost /var/log/vsftpd.log

4、建立虚拟用户配置文件存放路径：

mkdir /etc/vsftpd/virtualconf

这里是跟配置文件中的user_config_dir这一项是对应的！

六、建立了一个虚拟用户名单文件，把这个名单文件就放置在/etc/vsftpd/下。

接着编辑这个文件，将虚拟用户信息写入这个文件vi /etc/vsftpd/virtusers

virtual1

123456

virtual2

123456

类似上边的格式，一行用户名，一行密码！

接着生成虚拟用户数据文件：

db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/virtusers /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db

七、设定PAM验证文件，并指定虚拟用户数据库文件进行读取

这里需要我们安装pam服务，一般系统都会有安装：

yum install pam

Vsftp的PAM验证配置文件：/etc/pam.d/vsftpd

这里对应的就是核心配置文件中的pam_service_name，它会去找/etc/pam.d/vsftpd这个文件！

那么我们需要编辑这个文件，同样的编辑前先备份一下：

cp /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.bak

然后编辑文件：vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd

#%PAM-1.0

auth    sufficient      /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so     db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers

account sufficient      /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so     db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers

这里有一个问题需要注意一下：

如果你的系统是32位的，那么这里要改成：

/lib/security/pam_userdb.so

否则会验证失败！不能登录！

八、配置虚拟用户

1.规划好虚拟用户的主路径：mkdir /data/vsftp/

2.建立测试用户的FTP用户目录：

mkdir /data/vsftp/virtual1/  /data/vsftp/virtual2/

3、更改虚拟用户的主目录的属主为虚拟宿主用户（否则会出去500错误，ftp用户没有权限修改）：

chown -R virtualhost.virtualhost /data/vsftp/

4、针对具体用户进行定制：

vi /etc/vsftpd/virtualconf/virtual1

#所有权限用户:

local_root=/data/vsftp/ virtual1

chroot_local_user=YES

anonymous_enable=NO

write_enable=YES

local_umask=022

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

download_enable=YES

#idle_session_timeout=600

#data_connection_timeout=120

#max_clients=10

#max_per_ip=5

#local_max_rate=50000

#只有上传权限用户：

ocal_root=/data/vsftp/ virtual1

chroot_local_user=YES

anonymous_enable=NO

local_umask=022

write_enable=YES

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

download_enable=NO

#只有下载权限

ocal_root=/data/vsftp/ virtual1

chroot_local_user=YES

anonymous_enable=NO

local_umask=022

write_enable=NO

anon_world_readable_only=NO

anon_upload_enable=NO

anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO

anon_other_write_enable=NO

download_enable=YES

最后测试是否可用……

关于映射到公网使用注意事项：

1、上述是基于被动模式配置，需要把以下端口全部映射9022--9025

listen_port=9021

pasv_max_port=9025

pasv_min_port=9022

2、使用WinSCP 连接时提示如下：Security: Bad IP connecting.错误

需要添加以下配置：

pasv_promiscuous=YES      #代表关闭PASV模式的安全检查

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/aiynmimi/article/details/77012507

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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「pimg2005」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/pimg2005/article/details/120127279