ansible定义变量

ansible定义变量

• 定义变量

• 
  

定义变量

在主机清单中定义变量

node1 myvar="hello" myvar2="test"
node2 yourname="omaidb"

剧本中使用变量

---
- name: copy模块示例1
  hosts: node1
  tasks:
    - name: 将变量中的内容添加到文件中
      copy:
        content:  "主机名是:{{ansible_hostname}}\nbios版本是:{{ansible_bios_version}}\n"
        dest: /tmp/facts.txt

- name: 打印myvar变量和myvar2变量
  hosts: node1
  tasks:
    - name: 打印node1主机清单中的变量
      debug:
        msg: "{{myvar}},{{myvar2}}"

- name: copy模块示例2
  hosts: node2
  tasks:
    - name: 将变量中的内容添加到node2的文本中
      copy:
        content: "{{yourname}}\n"
        dest: /tmp/facts.txt

- name: playbook中定义变量示例
  hosts: node1
  tasks:
    - name: playbook中定义变量
      shell: hostname
# register表示将shell输出的信息存到myvar变量中
      register: myvar


    - name: 打印上面定义的myvar变量(也就是hostname的信息)
      debug:
        msg:  "{{myvar}}"

    - name: 显示myvar的指定key的数据(子变量)
      debug:
        msg: "运行的节点是{{myvar.stdout}}"

Host Factsbianl(ansible收集的系统信息保存在特定的变量中)

示例剧本

---
- name: 演示facts变量
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: 用户facts信息
      copy:
        content: "主机名是:{{ansible_hostname}},\nbios版本是:{{ansible_bios_version}}\n"
        dest: /tmp/facts.txt

执行结果

register接收变量

打印接收的变量信息

---
- name: register接收变量演示
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: shell执行hostname,并将hostname结果保存到变量名myvar
      shell: hostname
      register: myvar
    - name: 打印接收的myvar变量
      debug:
        msg: "{{ myvar }}"

• 执行结果

[rhel8 root ~/ansible/play]# ansible-playbook reg.yml 

PLAY [register接收变量演示] ****************************************************

TASK [shell执行hostname,并将hostname结果保存到变量名myvar] *********************
changed: [node2]
changed: [node1]

TASK [打印接收的myvar变量] *****************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"msg": {
"changed": true,
"cmd": "hostname",
"delta": "0:00:00.003724",
"end": "2021-10-18 02:36:29.122224",
"failed": false,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"start": "2021-10-18 02:36:29.118500",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "node1",
"stdout_lines": [
"node1"
        ]
    }
}
ok: [node2] => {
"msg": {
"changed": true,
"cmd": "hostname",
"delta": "0:00:00.004386",
"end": "2021-10-18 02:36:29.119046",
"failed": false,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"start": "2021-10-18 02:36:29.114660",
"stderr": "",
"stderr_lines": [],
"stdout": "node2",
"stdout_lines": [
"node2"
        ]
    }
}

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
node1                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node2                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

只打印子变量信息

---
- name: register接收变量演示
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: shell执行hostname,并将hostname结果保存到变量名myvar
      shell: hostname
      register: myvar
    - name: 打印接收的myvar变量
      debug:
        msg: "{{ myvar.stdout }}"

• 执行结果

[rhel8 root ~/ansible/play]# ansible-playbook reg.yml 

PLAY [register接收变量演示] ****************************************************

TASK [shell执行hostname,并将hostname结果保存到变量名myvar] *********************
changed: [node2]
changed: [node1]

TASK [打印接收的myvar变量] *****************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"msg": "node1"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"msg": "node2"
}

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
node1                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   
node2                      : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

剧本中定义变量

剧本中定义变量来创建和删除用户

---
- name: 剧本文件中定义变量
  hosts: all
  vars:
    iname: omaidb
    ipass: '123456'

  tasks:
    - name: 使用剧本中定义的变量来创建用户
      user:
        name: "{{iname}}"
        password: "{{ ipass | password_hash('sha512')}}"

  tasks:
    - name: 使用剧本中定义的变量来删除用户
      user:
        name: "{{iname}}"
        state: absent
        remove: yes

剧本中定义提示变量创建用户

---
- name: 剧本中的提示变量
  hosts: all
  vars_prompt:      # 定义提示变量
    - name: iname              # 定义iname空变量
      prompt: "请输入用户名"    # 提示输入用户名
      private: no              # 是否隐私信息,no将回显输入内容
    - name: ipass              # 定义ipass空变量
      prompt: "请输入密码"      # 提示输入密码
      private: yes             # 是否隐私信息,yes将不显示输入内容
  tasks:
    - name: 从提示变量中创建用户
      user:
        name: "{{ iname }}"
        password: "{{ ipass | password_hash('sha512')}}"

单独定义变量文件

单独定义个变量文件,在playbook中用vars_files调用该变量文件

• 变量文件

---
iname: cloud
ipass: '123456'

• palybook中导入变量文件

---
- name: 在剧本中导入变量文件
  hosts: all
  vars_files: variables.yml
  tasks:
    - name: 创建用户
      user:
        name: "{{ iname }}"
        password: "{{ ipass | password_hash('sha512') }}"

• 执行结果
  
• 引用变量文件删除刚才创建的用户

---
- name: 引用变量文件删除用户
  hosts: all
  vars_files: variables.yml
  tasks:
    - name: 删除用户
      user:
        name: "{{ iname }}"
        state: absent
        remove: yes

执行ansible-playbook命令时使用-e参数定义变量

• 编写剧本

---
- name: 演示ansible-playbook命令执行时-e参数定义变量
  hosts: all
  tasks: 
    - name: 创建用户
      user:
        name: "{{ iname }}"
        password: "{{ ipass | password_hash('sha512') }}"

• 执行ansible-play变量

# 执行剧本
[rhel8 root ~/ansible/play]# ansible-playbook -C var_local.yml -e iname="omaidb" -e ipass="123456"

# 查看node1执行结果
[node1 root ~]# id omaidb
uid=1000(omaidb) gid=1000(omaidb) 组=1000(omaidb)

# 查看node2执行结果
[node2 root ~]# id omaidb
uid=1000(omaidb) gid=1000(omaidb) 组=1000(omaidb)

• 演示自定义变量删除用户

---
- name: 演示ansible-playbook命令执行时-e参数定义变量
  hosts: all
  tasks: 
    - name: 删除用户
      user:
        name: "{{ iname }}"
        state: absent
        remove: yes

• 执行结果