切换webview步骤

以下是在Appium测试中与​​webview​​对话所需的步骤:


  2. 导航到应用程序中web页面
  3. 获取上下文列表，它返回一个我们可以访问的上下文列表，例如：​​NATIVE_APP​​​或​​WEBVIEW_1​​
  4. 切换到你要操作的webview，原来是在​​NATIVE_APP​​​，切换到​​WEBVIEW_1​​​，​​do something​​
  5. 操作完后，返回到原来的app view（通常为​​NATIVE_APP​​）

Python
from appium import webdriver

mobile_desired_caps = {
    'platformName': 'Android',
    'platformVersion': '7.0',
    'deviceName': 'your device name',
    "app": r"your.apk",
    # 指定Chromedriver存放的地址，或者下边的路径，二者其一即可
    "chromedriverExecutableDir": r"C:\path",
    # "chromedriverExecutable": r"C:\path\chromedriver.exe",
    # 声明中文
    "unicodeKeyboard": 'True',
    # 声明中文，否则不支持中文
    "resetKeyboard": 'True',
    # 执行时不重新安装包
    'noReset': 'True',
    'automationName': 'uiautomator2',
    'appPackage': 'your package',
    'appActivity': 'your App activity'
}

driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', mobile_desired_caps)
# 点击进入到webview页面
driver.find_elements_by_id("id").click()
# 切换到 webview
webview = driver.contexts[-1]
driver.switch_to.context(webview)
print "###########################################"
print driver.contexts
# [u'NATIVE_APP', u'WEBVIEW_xxxxxxxxx']
# 判断webview上的元素是否存在
print driver.find_element_by_id("btnLogoutConfirmation").is_displayed()
# 返回到原生view
driver.switch_to.context(driver.contexts[0])
Java
DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities(); 
//运行mobile browser时指定 
//cap.setCapability(CapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, "chrome");  
cap.setCapability("platformName", "Android"); //指定测试平台  
//指定测试机的ID,通过adb命令adb devices获取  
cap.setCapability("deviceName", "your device name"); 
cap.setCapability("platformVersion", "7.0");  
cap.setCapability("app", "your.apk");
cap.setCapability("appPackage", "your package");  
cap.setCapability("appActivity", "your app activity");  
// 指定Chromedriver存放的地址，或者下边的路径，二者其一即可
cap.setCapability("chromedriverExecutableDir", "C:\path");

driver = new AppiumDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), cap);
// 点击进入到webview页面
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".login_button")).click();
Set<String> contextNames = driver.getContextHandles();
for (String contextName : contextNames) {
    //prints out something like NATIVE_APP \n WEBVIEW_1
    System.out.println(contextName); 
}
// 切换到 webview
driver.context((String) contextNames.toArray()[1]); 
//do some web testing
String myText = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".green_button")).click();
// 切换到原生view
driver.context("NATIVE_APP");
// do more native testing if we want
driver.quit();
运行时报错


selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: No Chromedriver found that can automate Chrome ‘64.0.3282’. See ​https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/docs/en/writing-running-appium/web/chromedriver.md">​https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/docs/en/writing-running-appium/web/chromedriver.md​​ for more details.


报类似这种错误是由于Chrome和driver版本不对应的原因。

解决方案

  2. 根据错误提示显示的版本号 ​​64.0.3282​​​下载相应的Chromedriver版本（参考下边），将下载的driver解压，替换掉路径（Windows）​​C:\Users\xxxx\AppData\Local\Programs\Appium\resources\app\node_modules\appium\node_modules\appium-chromedriver\chromedriver\win​​​下的​​chromedriver.exe​​即可
  3. 运行脚本时指定chromedriver的运行路径（下载对应版本的driver，放在该路径下），即在desired_caps添加​​chromedriverExecutableDir​​​或​​chromedriverExecutable​​字段（如上边的Java和Python代码）

chromedriver对应Chrome的版本

Version

Minimum Chrome Version

Link to Chromedriver

2.44

69.0.3497.0

​​v2.44 (link)​​

2.43

69.0.3497.0

​​v2.43 (link)​​

2.42

68.0.3440.0

​​v2.42 (link)​​

2.41

67.0.3360.0

​​v2.41 (link)​​

2.40

66.0.3359.0

​​v2.40 (link)​​

2.39

66.0.3359.0

​​v2.39 (link)​​

2.38

65.0.3325.0

​​v2.38 (link)​​

2.37

64.0.3282.0

​​v2.37 (link)​​

2.36

63.0.3239.0

​​v2.36 (link)​​

2.35

62.0.3202.0

​​v2.35 (link)​​

2.34

61.0.3163.0

​​v2.34 (link)​​

2.33

60.0.3112.0

​​v2.33 (link)​​

2.32

59.0.3071.0

​​v2.32 (link)​​

2.31

58.0.3029.0

​​v2.31 (link)​​

2.30

58.0.3029.0

​​v2.30 (link)​​

2.29

57.0.2987.0

​​v2.29 (link)​​

2.28

55.0.2883.0

​​v2.28 (link)​​

2.27

54.0.2840.0

​​v2.27 (link)​​

2.26

53.0.2785.0

​​v2.26 (link)​​

2.25

53.0.2785.0

​​v2.25 (link)​​

2.24

52.0.2743.0

​​v2.24 (link)​​

2.23

51.0.2704.0

​​v2.23 (link)​​

2.22

49.0.2623.0

​​v2.22 (link)​​

2.21

46.0.2490.0

​​v2.21 (link)​​

2.20

43.0.2357.0

​​v2.20 (link)​​

2.19

43.0.2357.0

​​v2.19 (link)​​

2.18

43.0.2357.0

​​v2.18 (link)​​

2.17

42.0.2311.0

​​v2.17 (link)​​

2.16

42.0.2311.0

​​v2.16 (link)​​

2.15

40.0.2214.0

​​v2.15 (link)​​

2.14

39.0.2171.0

​​v2.14 (link)​​

2.13

38.0.2125.0

​​v2.13 (link)​​

2.12

36.0.1985.0

​​v2.12 (link)​​

2.11

36.0.1985.0

​​v2.11 (link)​​

2.10

33.0.1751.0

​​v2.10 (link)​​

2.9

31.0.1650.59

​​v2.9 (link)​​

2.8

30.0.1573.2

​​v2.8 (link)​​

2.7

30.0.1573.2

​​v2.7 (link)​​

2.6

29.0.1545.0

​​v2.6 (link)​​

2.5

29.0.1545.0

​​v2.5 (link)​​

2.4

29.0.1545.0

​​v2.4 (link)​​

2.3

28.0.1500.0

​​v2.3 (link)​​

2.2

27.0.1453.0

​​v2.2 (link)​​

2.1

27.0.1453.0

​​v2.1 (link)​​

2.0

27.0.1453.0

​​v2.0 (link)​​

所有可用的Chromedriver版本在​​这里​​。

扩展（自动化mobile web）

  3. 运行自带的浏览器则修改配置为​​'browserName': 'Browser'​​（我用的android pad，目前测试不成功。。）
    通过安装Chrome APP，然后执行以下脚本是可以的：
from appium import webdriver

web_desired_caps = {
'platformName': 'Android',
'platformVersion': '7.0',
'deviceName': '520381b347dd148b',
'browserName': 'chrome',
}
driver = webdriver.Remote('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub', web_desired_caps)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")


获取APP的​​appPackage​​和​​appActivity​​ 打开APP，然后命令行运行：​​adb shell dumpsys window windows | findstr "Current"​​ 则看到​​appPackage​​和​​appActivity​​（以下是打开自带浏览器）：
Appium 混合应用切换webview_自动化混合应用

参考