unix/linux下的共享内存、信号量、队列信息管理
在unix/linux下，经常有因为共享内存、信号量，队列等共享信息没有干净地清楚而引起一些问题。
查看共享信息的内存的命令是ipcs [-m|-s|-q]。
默认会列出共享内存、信号量，队列信息，-m列出共享内存，-s列出共享信号量，-q列出共享队列
清除命令是ipcrm [-m|-s|-q] id。
-m 删除共享内存，-s删除共享信号量，-q删除共享队列。
1.1 故障发生现象及解决过程
oracle的进程已经关闭，但是执行sqlplus的时候hang住，之后报错ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file，加-prelim也不行，主要是oracle的进程已经关掉了，但是sqlplus却进不去。
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ps -ef|grep ora_
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue May 31 14:39:47 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus -prelim / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue May 31 14:40:26 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ipcs
IPC status from /dev/mem as of Tue May 31 14:42:01 BEIST 2016
T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP
Message Queues:
q 0 0x9283a0d2 -Rrw------- root system
q 1 0xffffffff ----------- root system
Shared Memory:
m 3 0x210000ac --rw-rw---- root system
m 395313156 0x0ecaefdc --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 9437189 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 276824070 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 912261127 0x210000d4 --rw-rw---- grid dba
Semaphores:
s 3145728 0x0100324a --ra-ra-r-- root system
s 1 0x620025b4 --ra-r--r-- root system
s 2 0x02001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 3 0x01001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 9 0x010024be --ra------- root system
s 3145738 0x410000ab --ra-ra---- root system
s 21 0x410000cb --ra-ra---- grid dba
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ipcrm -m 395313156
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ipcs
IPC status from /dev/mem as of Tue May 31 14:42:23 BEIST 2016
T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP
Message Queues:
q 0 0x9283a0d2 -Rrw------- root system
q 1 0xffffffff ----------- root system
Shared Memory:
m 3 0x210000ac --rw-rw---- root system
m 9437189 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 276824070 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 912261127 0x210000d4 --rw-rw---- grid dba
Semaphores:
s 3145728 0x0100324a --ra-ra-r-- root system
s 1 0x620025b4 --ra-r--r-- root system
s 2 0x02001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 3 0x01001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 9 0x010024be --ra------- root system
s 3145738 0x410000ab --ra-ra---- root system
s 21 0x410000cb --ra-ra---- grid dba
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ipcrm -m 9437189
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ipcrm -m 276824070
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>ipcs
IPC status from /dev/mem as of Tue May 31 14:42:39 BEIST 2016
T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP
Message Queues:
q 0 0x9283a0d2 -Rrw------- root system
q 1 0xffffffff ----------- root system
Shared Memory:
m 3 0x210000ac --rw-rw---- root system
m 912261127 0x210000d4 --rw-rw---- grid dba
Semaphores:
s 3145728 0x0100324a --ra-ra-r-- root system
s 1 0x620025b4 --ra-r--r-- root system
s 2 0x02001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 3 0x01001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 9 0x010024be --ra------- root system
s 3145738 0x410000ab --ra-ra---- root system
s 21 0x410000cb --ra-ra---- grid dba
[ZFLHRDB4:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue May 31 14:42:46 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@oraDESDB2>
其中68281.1中提到DETERMINING WHICH INSTANCE OWNS WHICH SHARED MEMORY SEGMENTS & SEMAPHORE SETS，即若是一个主机上有多个oracle实例的话该如何确定哪个共享内存段属于我们该清掉的oracle实例的内存段，下边给个小实验即可，相关的MOS文档可以去小麦苗的云盘下载。
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ps -ef|grep ora_pmon_
oracle 12255344 21626964 0 17:43:01 pts/0 0:00 grep ora_pmon_
oracle 17629238 1 0 18:57:42 - 0:09 ora_pmon_raclhr2
oracle 20250806 1 0 18:57:42 - 0:10 ora_pmon_oraESKDB2
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>which sysresv
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/bin/sysresv
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ORACLE_SID=raclhr2
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>sysresv
IPC Resources for ORACLE_SID "raclhr2" :
Shared Memory:
ID KEY
5242886 0xffffffff
5242883 0xffffffff
1048583 0xd92489e0
Oracle Instance alive for sid "raclhr2"
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ipcs
IPC status from /dev/mem as of Wed Jun 1 17:43:47 BEIST 2016
T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP
Message Queues:
q 0 0x9283a0d2 -Rrw------- root system
q 1 0xffffffff ----------- root system
Shared Memory:
m 1048576 00000000 --rw-r----- grid dba
m 1048577 00000000 --rw-r----- grid dba
m 1048578 0x210000aa --rw-rw---- root system
m 5242883 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048580 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048581 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 5242886 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048583 0xd92489e0 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048584 0xd1a4a5d8 --rw-r----- grid dba
m 8388617 0x3f516768 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 759169034 0x21000148 --rw-rw---- oracle dba
Semaphores:
s 3145728 0x0100324a --ra-ra-r-- root system
s 1 0x620025b4 --ra-r--r-- root system
s 2 0x02001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 3 0x01001958 --ra-ra-ra- root system
s 9 0x010024be --ra------- root system
s 1048590 0x410000a8 --ra-ra---- root system
s 11534361 0x41000147 --ra-ra---- oracle dba
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ipcs -m
IPC status from /dev/mem as of Wed Jun 1 17:43:56 BEIST 2016
T ID KEY MODE OWNER GROUP
Shared Memory:
m 1048576 00000000 --rw-r----- grid dba
m 1048577 00000000 --rw-r----- grid dba
m 1048578 0x210000aa --rw-rw---- root system
m 5242883 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048580 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048581 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 5242886 00000000 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048583 0xd92489e0 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 1048584 0xd1a4a5d8 --rw-r----- grid dba
m 8388617 0x3f516768 --rw-r----- oracle asmadmin
m 759169034 0x21000148 --rw-rw---- oracle dba
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ipcrm -m 5242886
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ipcrm -m 5242883
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ipcrm -m 1048583
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>sysresv
IPC Resources for ORACLE_SID "raclhr2" :
Shared Memory
ID KEY
No shared memory segments used
Oracle Instance not alive for sid "raclhr2"
Oracle Instance not alive for sid "raclhr2"
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>ps -ef|grep ora_pmon_
oracle 17629238 1 0 18:57:42 - 0:09 ora_pmon_raclhr2
oracle 20250806 1 0 18:57:42 - 0:10 ora_pmon_oraESKDB2
oracle 23330844 21626964 0 17:44:46 pts/0 0:00 grep ora_pmon_
[ZFXDESKDB2:oracle]:/oracle>sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jun 1 17:44:52 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@raclhr2> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@raclhr2> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
故障处理总结
① ipcs和ipcrm应该学会使用
② sysresv的使用可以查看对应实例的共享内存段
③ 文章中的所有MOS文章在小麦苗的云盘中http://yunpan.cn/cdEQedhCs2kFz （提取码：ed9b）
④ 关于ipcs的使用cuug的老师也讲过公开课，公开课的录像文件参考http://yunpan.cn/cdEQedhCs2kFz （提取码：ed9b）
About Me
....................................................................................................................................................
本文作者：小麦苗，只专注于数据库的技术，更注重技术的运用
于 2016-04-06 10:00~ 2016-04-11 19:00 在中行完成
【版权所有，文章允许转载，但须以链接方式注明源地址，否则追究法律责任】
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