1、安装及加速配置
Docker 安装以及配置阿里云镜像加速器指南_大鱼的技术博客_51CTO博客
2、镜像操作
2.1 搜索镜像
docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker search --help
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM
Search Docker Hub for images
Options:
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print search using a Go template
--limit int Max number of search results
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
案例：
root@localhost:~# docker search --no-trunc --limit 5 -f is-official=true nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
nginx Official build of Nginx. 19994 [OK]
unit Official build of NGINX Unit: Universal Web App Server 32 [OK]
root@localhost:~# docker search --no-trunc --limit 5 --filter is-official=true nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
nginx Official build of Nginx. 19994 [OK]
unit Official build of NGINX Unit: Universal Web App Server 32 [OK]
2.2 拉取镜像
docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker pull --help
Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
Download an image from a registry
Aliases:
docker image pull, docker pull
Options:
-a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository
--disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true)
--platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output
案例：
root@localhost:~# docker pull -q nginx
/library/nginx:latest
root@localhost:~# docker pull -q nginx:1.26.0
/library/nginx:1.26.0
2.3 查看镜像
docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
常用选项：
root@localhost:~# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Aliases:
docker image ls, docker image list, docker images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Format output using a custom template:
'table': Print output in table format with column headers (default)
'table TEMPLATE': Print output in table format using the given Go template
'json': Print in JSON format
'TEMPLATE': Print output using the given Go template.
Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information about formatting output with templates
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show image IDs
案例：
root@localhost:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest fffffc90d343 2 weeks ago 188MB
mysql 8.4.0 05247af91864 2 weeks ago 578MB
nginx 1.26.0 94543a6c1aef 2 months ago 188MB
2.4 删除镜像
docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Remove one or more images
Aliases:
docker image rm, docker image remove, docker rmi
Options:
-f, --force Force removal of the image
--no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
案例：
root@localhost:~# docker rmi -f nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:67682bda769fae1ccf5183192b8daf37b64cae99c6c3302650f6f8bf5f0f95df
Deleted: sha256:fffffc90d343cbcb01a5032edac86db5998c536cd0a366514121a45c6723765c
Deleted: sha256:9f4b5d44149fd139616539e0ef5311a14338a970f25733ba95b4ae6d3becdf0d
Deleted: sha256:8e6e10fbcca1bb180c5cfc805a37240945a6ba703cb1f985d4d3b8a1c954fc5b
Deleted: sha256:dcec89b921d64a1d2f748c450832a4c5624219bbb1b696e1a606bff78b7afa60
Deleted: sha256:4994a8d5939af297abf594b7ab714dfb72e57217b94bf0a250a62903cbdb6d84
Deleted: sha256:8b2bc37f672b15bea06a204790da9f384ef7b06feccade3fd3b1945b63df5aef
Deleted: sha256:a4197512070a01764db77b424100c1f81f0ed696380b19bc26b6e72fafef0709
Deleted: sha256:32148f9f6c5aadfa167ee7b146b9703c59307049d68b090c19db019fd15c5406
3、容器操作
3.1 运行容器
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
常见选项：
-d: 以守护进程模式运行容器，即在后台运行，不会在终端输出任何内容。3--name: 指定容器名称，方便识别和管理。3-p: 端口映射，将容器端口映射到宿主机端口。-v: 挂载卷，将宿主机目录挂载到容器中。-e: 设置环境变量。-i: 进入容器后，保持与容器的交互。-t: 分配一个伪终端，在容器中执行交互式命令。--rm: 容器停止后自动删除容器。
案例：
root@localhost:~# docker run -p 8080:80 -d --name nginx nginx
74528d231da92f4c6de8c738addf6a0e8969c0794b0c280d9f7e856e7e3991e9
3.2 查看容器
docker ps [OPTIONS]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Aliases:
docker container ls, docker container list, docker container ps, docker ps
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Format output using a custom template:
'table': Print output in table format with column headers (default)
'table TEMPLATE': Print output in table format using the given Go template
'json': Print in JSON format
'TEMPLATE': Print output using the given Go template.
Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/ for more information about
formatting output with templates
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display container IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
案例：
root@localhost:~# docker ps -asn 2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES SIZE
74528d231da9 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx 1.09kB (virtual 188MB)
39def9fcde64 mysql:8.4.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 days ago Exited (255) 45 hours ago 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql8 6B (virtual 578MB)
3.3 停止容器
docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker stop --help
Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Stop one or more running containers
Aliases:
docker container stop, docker stop
Options:
-s, --signal string Signal to send to the container
-t, --time int Seconds to wait before killing the container
案例:
# 停止所有容器
root@localhost:~# docker stop $(docker ps -aq)
74528d231da9
39def9fcde64
3.4 启动容器
docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker start --help
Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Start one or more stopped containers
Aliases:
docker container start, docker start
Options:
-a, --attach Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
-i, --interactive Attach container's STDIN
案例:
# 启动所有容器
root@localhost:~# docker start $(docker ps -aq)
74528d231da9
39def9fcde64
root@localhost:~# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
74528d231da9 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx
39def9fcde64 mysql:8.4.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 days ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql8
3.5 重启容器
docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker restart --help
Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart one or more containers
Aliases:
docker container restart, docker restart
Options:
-s, --signal string Signal to send to the container
-t, --time int Seconds to wait before killing the container
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker restart nginx
nginx
root@localhost:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
74528d231da9 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 17 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp nginx
39def9fcde64 mysql:8.4.0 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 days ago Up 4 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp mysql8
3.6 容器状态
docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker stats --help
Usage: docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]
Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
Aliases:
docker container stats, docker stats
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
--format string Format output using a custom template:
'table': Print output in table format
with column headers (default)
'table TEMPLATE': Print output in table format
using the given Go template
'json': Print in JSON format
'TEMPLATE': Print output using the given
Go template.
Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/formatting/
for more information about formatting output with
templates
--no-stream Disable streaming stats and only pull the first result
--no-trunc Do not truncate output
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker stats --no-stream
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
74528d231da9 nginx 0.00% 12.64MiB / 15.24GiB 0.08% 746B / 0B 0B / 0B 17
39def9fcde64 mysql8 0.37% 472.3MiB / 15.24GiB 3.03% 746B / 0B 0B / 0B 38
root@localhost:~# docker stats --no-stream --no-trunc
CONTAINER ID NAME CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O PIDS
74528d231da92f4c6de8c738addf6a0e8969c0794b0c280d9f7e856e7e3991e9 nginx 0.00% 12.64MiB / 15.24GiB 0.08% 746B / 0B 0B / 0B 17
39def9fcde64766f6218ba3710d014196f64d2ae774ceff6229ca12a000b3e15 mysql8 0.37% 472.3MiB / 15.24GiB 3.03% 746B / 0B 0B / 0B 38
3.7容器日志
docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker logs --help
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Aliases:
docker container logs, docker logs
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. "2013-01-02T13:23:37Z") or relative (e.g. "42m" for 42 minutes)
-n, --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. "2013-01-02T13:23:37Z") or relative (e.g. "42m" for 42 minutes)
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker logs -n 3 nginx
2024/07/07 07:48:30 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
2024/07/07 07:48:30 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 36
2024/07/07 07:48:30 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 37
3.8 进入容器
docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker exec --help
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
Execute a command in a running container
Aliases:
docker container exec, docker exec
Options:
-d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background
--detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container
-e, --env list Set environment variables
--env-file list Read in a file of environment variables
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--privileged Give extended privileges to the command
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user string Username or UID (format: "<name|uid>[:<group|gid>]")
-w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash
root@74528d231da9:/# exit
exit
3.9 删除容器
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker rm --help
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
Aliases:
docker container rm, docker container remove, docker rm
Options:
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker rm -f nginx
nginx
4、镜像保存和分享
4.1 提交镜像
docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker commit --help
Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Create a new image from a container's changes
Aliases:
docker container commit, docker commit
Options:
-a, --author string Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith
<hannibal@>")
-c, --change list Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
-m, --message string Commit message
-p, --pause Pause container during commit (default true)
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker commit -a 'xieyang' -m 'change gninx index.html' nginx my-nginx:0.0.1
sha256:c394951469b08ac48109e49ee5325f41eaf23927913c72e2616500a63fc57043
root@localhost:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my-nginx 0.0.1 c394951469b0 6 seconds ago 188MB
nginx latest fffffc90d343 2 weeks ago 188MB
mysql 8.4.0 05247af91864 2 weeks ago 578MB
root@localhost:~#
4.2 保存镜像
docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker save --help
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
Aliases:
docker image save, docker save
Options:
-o, --output string Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker save -o /opt/my-nginx.jar my-nginx:0.0.1
root@localhost:~# ls -l /opt/
total 187284
-rw------- 1 root root 191773184 Jul 7 22:01 my-nginx.jar
4.3 加载镜像
docker load [OPTIONS]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker load --help
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
Aliases:
docker image load, docker load
Options:
-i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
-q, --quiet Suppress the load output
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest fffffc90d343 2 weeks ago 188MB
mysql 8.4.0 05247af91864 2 weeks ago 578MB
nginx 1.26.0 94543a6c1aef 2 months ago 188MB
root@localhost:~# docker load -i /opt/my-nginx.jar
d3c461b54c38: Loading layer 15.36kB/15.36kB
Loaded image: my-nginx:0.0.1
root@localhost:~# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my-nginx 0.0.1 c394951469b0 6 minutes ago 188MB
nginx latest fffffc90d343 2 weeks ago 188MB
mysql 8.4.0 05247af91864 2 weeks ago 578MB
nginx 1.26.0 94543a6c1aef 2 months ago 188MB
4.4 分享镜像
4.4.1 登录docker
docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker login --help
Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
Log in to a registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.
Options:
-p, --password string Password
--password-stdin Take the password from stdin
-u, --username string Username
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker login -u learningfish
Password:
Login Succeeded
4.4.2 镜像tag
docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker tag --help
Usage: docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
Aliases:
docker image tag, docker tag
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker tag my-nginx:0.0.1 learningfish/nginx:0.0.1
root@localhost:~# docker tag my-nginx:0.0.1 learningfish/nginx:latest
root@localhost:~# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
my-nginx 0.0.1 c394951469b0 29 minutes ago 188MB
learningfish/nginx 0.0.1 c394951469b0 29 minutes ago 188MB
learningfish/nginx latest c394951469b0 29 minutes ago 188MB
nginx latest fffffc90d343 2 weeks ago 188MB
mysql 8.4.0 05247af91864 2 weeks ago 578MB
nginx 1.26.0 94543a6c1aef 2 months ago 188MB
4.4.3 分享镜像
docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker push --help
Usage: docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]
Upload an image to a registry
Aliases:
docker image push, docker push
Options:
-a, --all-tags Push all tags of an image to the repository
--disable-content-trust Skip image signing (default true)
-q, --quiet Suppress verbose output
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker push learningfish/nginx:0.0.1
The push refers to repository [/learningfish/nginx]
d3c461b54c38: Pushed
56b6d3be75f9: Pushed
0c6c257920c8: Pushed
92d0d4e97019: Pushed
7190c87a0e8a: Pushed
933a3ce2c78a: Pushed
32cfaf91376f: Pushed
32148f9f6c5a: Pushed
0.0.1: digest: sha256:9e5df404e7e815c73c16debf7406d31a45119b9e5d0a48f6a37851a7e637da3d size: 1986
root@localhost:~# docker push -q learningfish/nginx:latest
/learningfish/nginx:latest
5、容器高级
5.1 数据持久化
docker volume COMMAND
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker volume --help
Usage: docker volume COMMAND
Manage volumes
Commands:
create Create a volume
inspect Display detailed information on one or more volumes
ls List volumes
prune Remove unused local volumes
rm Remove one or more volumes
Docker Volumes 的核心概念:
- 持久性: Volumes 中的数据在容器停止或删除后依然存在。
- 独立性: Volumes 独立于容器的镜像文件系统，这意味着它们不会受到镜像更新的影响。
- 可共享性: Volumes 可以被多个容器同时挂载，从而实现容器之间的数据共享。
Volumes 的类型:
- 命名 Volumes: 使用名称标识的 Volumes，可以通过
docker volume ls命令查看。 - 匿名 Volumes: 没有名称的 Volumes，由 Docker 自动分配唯一的 ID，
docker run 不加 -v。 - Bind mounts: 将主机文件系统直接挂载到容器中，``docker run -v /自定义系统路径:容器路径`。
- 数据 Volumes: 独立于主机文件系统的 Volumes，``docker run -v volume(不存在则新建):容器路径`。
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker run -itd --name mysql8 -v mysql_lib:/var/lib/mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:8.4.0
75f77665ebda8d53ee5c02d3eb6c975a0809e9bd41fc4d6bf3654456dca68707
root@localhost:~# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local mysql_lib
local nginxconfig
root@localhost:~# docker volume inspect mysql_lib
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2024-07-08T13:54:35Z",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/mysql_lib/_data",
"Name": "mysql_lib",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
root@localhost:~#
5.2 网络
docker network COMMAND
命令详情：
root@localhost:~# docker network --help
Usage: docker network COMMAND
Manage networks
Commands:
connect Connect a container to a network
create Create a network
disconnect Disconnect a container from a network
inspect Display detailed information on one or more networks
ls List networks
prune Remove all unused networks
rm Remove one or more networks
Docker 网络的基本概念
- 容器网络隔离: 每个容器默认拥有独立的网络命名空间，它们与主机网络隔离，彼此之间无法直接通信。ttps://docs.docker.com/network/understanding-docker-networks/)
- 网络驱动: Docker 提供多种网络驱动，用于创建不同的网络类型，例如 bridge、host、overlay、macvlan 等。
- 网络连接: Docker 允许容器通过网络进行连接，包括容器与容器、容器与主机、容器与外部网络之间的连接。
2. Docker 网络类型
Docker 提供了几种常见的网络类型，每种类型都拥有不同的特点和适用场景：
- bridge 网络: 默认网络类型，使用桥接模式连接容器。容器可以通过 Docker 内部创建的虚拟网络接口进行通信。
- host 网络: 容器直接使用主机网络，共享主机的 IP 地址和端口，适合容器需要直接访问主机资源的场景。
- overlay 网络: 用于跨主机连接容器，实现容器集群网络，适用于 Docker Swarm 集群环境。
- macvlan 网络: 为容器提供独立的 MAC 地址和 IP 地址，可以将容器连接到外部网络，并与其他设备进行通信。
- none 网络: 容器没有网络连接，无法进行任何网络通信。
案例:
root@localhost:~# docker network create inner_bridge
f35c10ec1d806c4ebf23b5136c6a07866525b2b9a02e8cc5a17a47a1a0bbf452
root@localhost:~# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
13a4828e292d bridge bridge local
2aeedbc0b6a9 host host local
f35c10ec1d80 inner_bridge bridge local
25a6b95418c4 none null local
root@localhost:~# docker network connect inner_bridge nginx
root@localhost:~# docker run -d -p 8081:80 --network inner_bridge --name nginx2 nginx:latest
a6e545a9cd5cac6d2986d205e6e9b3f772e8aedcac2d488ca1fda81477fa9f40
root@localhost:~# docker exec -it nginx2 /bin/bash
root@a6e545a9cd5c:/# curl nginx
hello world
root@a6e545a9cd5c:/# exit
exit
root@localhost:~# docker network disconnect inner_bridge nginx
root@localhost:~# docker network disconnect inner_bridge nginx2
root@localhost:~# docker network prune
WARNING! This will remove all custom networks not used by at least one container.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Networks:
inner_bridge
root@localhost:~# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
13a4828e292d bridge bridge local
2aeedbc0b6a9 host host local
25a6b95418c4 none null local
6、dockerfile和compose file
6.1 Dockerfile
Dockerfile 是一个文本文件，其中包含一系列指令，这些指令用于构建 Docker 镜像。 镜像是一个轻量级的、可执行的软件包，它包含应用程序及其所有依赖项，可以轻松地部署和运行在任何 Docker 环境中。
Dockerfile 指令
Dockerfile 使用一系列指令来构建镜像，以下是几个常用的指令：
- FROM: 指定基础镜像，例如
FROM ubuntu:latest - RUN: 在镜像中执行命令，例如
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx - COPY: 将文件或目录从构建上下文复制到镜像中，例如
COPY . /app - WORKDIR: 设置工作目录，例如
WORKDIR /app - CMD: 指定容器启动时的默认命令，例如
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"] - EXPOSE: 指定容器要公开的端口，例如
EXPOSE 80
Dockerfile 例子
dockerfileFROM ubuntu:latest
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
WORKDIR /var/www/html
COPY index.html /var/www/html/index.html
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
6.2 Compose file
Compose file 使用 YAML 格式，它定义了一个多容器 Docker 应用程序。 Compose file 可以定义多个服务，每个服务都有自己的 Dockerfile 和运行配置， Compose 会将这些服务链接在一起并管理它们的启动、停止和重启。
Compose file 指令
Compose file 使用一些指令来定义服务，以下是几个常用的指令：
- version: 指定 Compose 文件的版本，例如
version: "3.8" - services: 定义应用程序中的所有服务，例如
services: - build: 指定服务镜像的构建方式，可以指定 Dockerfile 或上下文路径，例如
build: . - ports: 指定服务端口映射，例如
ports: - "80:80" - volumes: 指定服务数据卷，例如
volumes: - data:/data - links: 指定服务之间的链接，例如
links: - db - depends_on: 指定服务依赖关系，例如
depends_on: - db
Compose file 例子
yamlversion: "3.8"
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "80:80"
depends_on:
- db
db:
image: postgres
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: postgres
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: password
