实验目的:
验证RIP负载均衡,而RIP的负载均衡是由跳数决定,如果跳数相同则起到负载均衡.
实验拓扑图:
实验内容:
路由器的基本配置
R上的
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
照样粘贴上基本的命令
Router(config)#enable password cisco
Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup
Router(config)#line con 0
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# logging synchronous
Router(config-line)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)# exec-timeout 0 0
Router(config-line)# password cisco
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)# login
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#
Router(config-line)#alias exec a sh ip int bri
Router(config)#alias exec b sh ip route
Router(config)#alias exec c sh ip route rip
Router(config)#alias exec d sh run
配置好名称,接口地址
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface loopback 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1 .1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface e0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address
*Mar 1 00:14:04.503: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
*Mar 1 00:14:05.503: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R2上的
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.
*Mar 1 00:14:57.579: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1
*Mar 1 00:14:58.583: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial1/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R3上的
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#interface loopback 0
R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3 .3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface e0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface s1/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
好了,现在开始配置RIP
先在R1上,宣告接口网络
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0 .0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0
R2上的,两样的格式
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0
R2(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0
R3上的
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0 .0
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0
R3(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0
配置好后,查看一下路由表
R1的路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 1.1.1 .0 is directly connected, Loopback1
R 3.0.0 .0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
R 172.16.3.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.2, 00:00:10, Serial1/0
[120/1] via 172.16.1.2, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
注意最后的一条RIP路由,可以看到去172.16.3.0的路由已经产生了负载均衡的现象,因为它们的跳数是相同的.
R2上的路由表
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 1.0.0 .0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
R 3.0.0 .0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/1
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R 172.16.1.0 [120/1] via 172.16.2.1, 00:00:24, Serial1/0
[120/1] via 172.16.3.2, 00:00:03, Serial1/1
C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
很清楚也显示了所有的链路.
R3的路由表
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 1.0.0 .0/8 [120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
C 3.3.3 .0 is directly connected, Loopback0
172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
R 172.16.2.0 [120/1] via 172.16.3.1, 00:00:17, Serial1/1
[120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:03, Ethernet0/0
C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
最后,用扩展的ping命令来测试负载均衡
先从R1的loopback 0 接口上pingR3的S1/1口
R1#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 172.16.3.2
Repeat count [5]:
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]: y
Source address or interface: 1.1.1 .1
Type of service [0]:
Set DF bit in IP header? [no]:
Validate reply data? [no]:
Data pattern [0xABCD]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: r
Number of hops [ 9 ]:
Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[RV]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.3.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 1.1.1 .1
Packet has IP options: Total option bytes= 39, padded length=40
Record route: <*>
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
Reply to request 0 (136 ms). Received packet has options
Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40
Record route:
(172.16.2.1)
(172.16.3.1)
(172.16.3.2)
(172.16.1.2)
(1.1.1 .1) <*>
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
End of list
Reply to request 1 (112 ms). Received packet has options
Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40
Record route:
(172.16.1.1)
(172.16.3.2)
(172.16.1.2)
(1.1.1 .1) <*>
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
End of list
Reply to request 2 (160 ms). Received packet has options
Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40
Record route:
(172.16.2.1)
(172.16.3.1)
(172.16.3.2)
(172.16.1.2)
(1.1.1 .1) <*>
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
End of list
Reply to request 3 (112 ms). Received packet has options
Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40
Record route:
(172.16.1.1)
(172.16.3.2)
(172.16.1.2)
(1.1.1 .1) <*>
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
End of list
Reply to request 4 (160 ms). Received packet has options
Total option bytes= 40, padded length=40
Record route:
(172.16.2.1)
(172.16.3.1)
(172.16.3.2)
(172.16.1.2)
(1.1.1 .1) <*>
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
(0.0.0 .0)
End of list
可以注意到数据包的路径可以发现,来回的路径不同,也就是说数据包是走了负载均衡的.
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