Type of Service can be used by applications to indicate priority and Quality of Service for each frame. The level of service is determined by a set of service parameters which provide a three way trade-off between low-delay, high-reliability, and high-throughput. The use of service parameters may increase the cost of service. In many networks, better performance for one of these parameters is coupled with worse performance on another. Except for very unusual cases, at most, two of the parameters should be set.
"IP precedence 使用前3bit; ToS 使用4-7 bit, 最后一位备用;"
"DSCP 使用0-5bit, 最后两位备用;" For a ToS value, the 8-bit hexadecimal number breaks down as follows:
########################
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | | | | | | | PRECEDENCE | D | T | R | 0 | 0 | | | | | | | | +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ #########################
The precedence bits (bits 0-2) break down as follows:
The Network Control precedence designation is intended to be used within a network only. The actual use and control of that designation is up to each network. The Internetwork Control designation is intended for use by gateway originators only.
For a DSCP value, the value represents codepoints for two Differentiated Services (DS) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) groups called Expedited Forwarding (EF) and Assured Forwarding (AF). For more information on these PHB groups, refer to RFC 2597 and RFC 2598.
######################################################## 在IP网络中,IPv4报文中有三种承载QoS优先级标签的方式,分别为基于二层的CoS字段(IEEE802.1p)的优先级、基于IP层的IP优先级字段ToS优先级和基于IP层的DSCP(Differentiated Services Codepoint)字段优先级。每种优先级的定义如下:
(1) IEEE802.1p优先级======> 2层Qos(ISL & Dot1Q)
它是位于二层带标签的以太网帧的CoS字段,和VLAN ID在一起使用,在字节中的位置如下:
其中:IEEE802.1p优先级:3bit(P2-P0)
未用(CU):1bit VLAN ID:12bit(V11-V0) IEEE802.1p优先级值有8个(0-7),0优先级最低,7优先级最高。报文分为三种情况:带优先级和VLAN ID的标签报文,其优先级值是自身带的值;只带优先级的标签报文,此时VLAN ID为0,其优先级值是自身带的值;未带标签的报文,一般默认的优先级值为0,也可以进行更改指定新的优先级。 (2) IP优先级==============》3层IP包头的服务类型 之一
它由IP分组报头中的服务类型(ToS)字节中的3位组成,其在字节中的位置如下:
P2 P1 P0 T3 T2 T1 T0 CU
其中:IP优先级:3bit(P2-P0)
服务类型(ToS):4bit(T3-T0) 未用(CU):1bit IP优先级值有8个(0-7),0优先级最低,7优先级最高。在默认情况下,IP优先级6和7用于网络控制通讯使用,不推荐用户使用。ToS字段的服务类型未能在现有的IP网络中普及使用。 (3) DSCP优先级==============》3层IP包头的服务类型 之二
它由IP分组报头中的6位组成,使用的是ToS字节,因此在使用DSCP后,该字节也被称为DSCP字节。其在字节中的位置如下:
DS5 DS4 DS3 DS2 DS1 DS0 CU CU
其中:DSCP优先级:6bit(DS5-DS0)
未用(CU):2bit DSCP优先级值有64个(0-63),0优先级最低,63优先级最高。事实上DSCP字段是IP优先级字段的超集,DSCP字段的定义向后与IP优先级字段兼容。目前定义的DSCP有默认的DSCP,值为0;类选择器DSCP,定义为向后与IP优先级兼容,值为(8,16,24,32,40,48,56);加速转发(EF),一般用于低延迟的服务,推荐值为46(101110);确定转发(AF),定义了4个服务等级,每个服务等级有3个下降过程,因此使用了12个DSCP值((10,12,14),(18,20,22),(26,28,30),(34,36,38))。 ############################################# |
<0-63> Differentiated services codepoint value
af11 Match packets with AF11 dscp (001010)
af12 Match packets with AF12 dscp (001100)
af13 Match packets with AF13 dscp (001110)
af21 Match packets with AF21 dscp (010010)
af22 Match packets with AF22 dscp (010100)
af23 Match packets with AF23 dscp (010110)
af31 Match packets with AF31 dscp (011010)
af32 Match packets with AF32 dscp (011100)
af33 Match packets with AF33 dscp (011110)
af41 Match packets with AF41 dscp (100010)
af42 Match packets with AF42 dscp (100100)
af43 Match packets with AF43 dscp (100110)
cs1 Match packets with CS1(precedence 1) dscp (001000)
cs2 Match packets with CS2(precedence 2) dscp (010000)
cs3 Match packets with CS3(precedence 3) dscp (011000)
cs4 Match packets with CS4(precedence 4) dscp (100000)
cs5 Match packets with CS5(precedence 5) dscp (101000)
cs6 Match packets with CS6(precedence 6) dscp (110000)
cs7 Match packets with CS7(precedence 7) dscp (111000)
default Match packets with default dscp (000000)
ef Match packets with EF dscp (101110)