安卓UI开发新技能-Jetpack Compose

Jetpack Compose是什么?

Jetpack Compose 是安卓用于构建UI的一种新方式,采用代码而非xml文件方式，写法与Flutter非常相似。

官方主页：​​https://developer.android.google.cn/jetpack/compose​​

官方Demo：​​https://github.com/android/compose-samples/tree/master/JetNews​​

官方入门指导: ​​https://developer.android.google.cn/jetpack/compose/tutorial​​

约束条件

2. Android Studio: 4.0及以上
3. 支持安卓版本:Android API 21(即5.0)及以上
4. 必须使用kotlin语言

优点

2. 代码更少
   少了xml,少了activity和xml之间的关联.
3. 双向绑定
   数据变化了,UI就自动变化.

缺点

2. 含有参数的Composable函数不能直接预览.
3. Composable函数必须添加@Preview注解才能预览.
4. 代码修改后,需要重新编译才能预览.
5. 目前还不完善,相比于Flutter,还处于幼儿园水平.
6. 相比于xml画页面布局,效率会有降低.

常见控件使用样例

1. 文本显示

Text(text = "众鸟高飞尽，孤云独去闲。相看两不厌，只有敬亭山。")

2. 文本输入框

val state = +state { "Text Field to input" }
TextField(
        value = state.value,
        onValueChange = { state.value = it }
)

3. 按钮

Button(text = "咬我啊", onClick = { Log.v("test", "被咬了") })

4.弹出框

MaterialTheme {
    Column {
        val openDialog = +state { false }

        Button("Click me", onClick = {
            openDialog.value = true
        })

        if (openDialog.value) {
            AlertDialog(
                    onCloseRequest = {
                        openDialog.value = false
                    },
                    title = {
                        Text(text = "Alert Dialog Title")
                    },
                    text = {
                        Text("Alert Dialog content")
                    },
                    confirmButton = {
                        Button(
                                "Confirm",
                                onClick = {
                                    openDialog.value = false
                                })
                    },
                    dismissButton = {
                        Button(
                                "Cancel",
                                onClick = {
                                    openDialog.value = false
                                })
                    },
                    buttonLayout = AlertDialogButtonLayout.Stacked
            )
        }
    }
}

5. 开关

MaterialTheme {
    val checkedState = +state { true }
    Switch(
            checked = checkedState.value,
            onCheckedChange = { checkedState.value = it }
    )
}

6. 单选框

MaterialTheme {
    RadioButton(selected = true,
            onSelect = { }
    )
}

7. 复选框

MaterialTheme {
    val checkedState = +state { true }
    Checkbox(
            checked = checkedState.value,
            onCheckedChange = { checkedState.value = it }
    )
}

8. 单选框组

MaterialTheme {
    val radioOptions = listOf("A", "B", "C")
    val (selectedOption, onOptionSelected) = +state { radioOptions[0] }
    RadioGroup(
            options = radioOptions,
            selectedOption = selectedOption,
            onSelectedChange = onOptionSelected
    )
}

9.图片

Container(modifier = Height(300.dp) wraps Expanded) {
    Clip(shape = RoundedCornerShape(4.dp)) {
        DrawImage(+imageResource(R.drawable.img_0))
    }
}

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