技术背景

在写这篇文章之前,实际上几年之前,我们就有非常稳定的无纸化同屏的模块,本文借demo更新,算是做个新的总结,废话不多说,先看图,本文以Android平台屏幕实时采集推送,Windows播放为例,和大家做个技术分享。

Android平台实现无纸化同屏并推送RTMP或轻量级RTSP服务(毫秒级延迟)_Android RTSP同屏

技术考量指标

本文以大牛直播SDK前些年实现的Android同屏采集推送为例,大概介绍下一些技术考量指标。

Android平台实现无纸化同屏并推送RTMP或轻量级RTSP服务(毫秒级延迟)_大牛直播SDK_02

1. 轻量级RTSP服务还是RTMP?

我们在做无纸化同屏的时候,问的最多的是,能不能不要自建服务,直接主讲人或教师端,直接启动轻量级RTSP服务,其他终端拉流,如果是小并发,比如5人内的小范围的同屏,Windows平台走轻量级RTSP无可厚非,如果是30-60甚至100人的会议室,建议走RTMP。

2. 推送分辨率和码率选择

我们接触到好多设备,性能一般,但是屏幕是高分屏,甚至可以采集到4K的,考虑到实时编码和并发环境下,AP的承载能力,一般建议选择适合自己的分辨率码率即可,不要只追求高分辨率高码率,导致组网困难,单个或双通道AP压力大,一般建议控制在1920*1080分辨率内,码率控制在1-5M。

3. 软编码还是硬编码

Windows平台,一般优先考虑软编,因为大多Windows性能瓶颈不太大,超过1080P可以考虑硬编,Android平台建议直接硬编码。

4. 高分屏采集编码效率低怎么办

高分屏,不管是Windows还是Android,采集后的数据,建议先压缩,再编码,Windows平台我们可以设置压缩比例(scale rate),Android平台亦可,比如采集原始屏幕,或者缩放后的屏幕,具体见下图:

/* BackgroudService.java
   * Author: daniusdk.com
   */ 
  private void createScreenEnvironment() {

        sreenWindowWidth = mWindowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
        screenWindowHeight = mWindowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getHeight();

        Log.i(TAG, "screenWindowWidth: " + sreenWindowWidth + ",screenWindowHeight: "
                + screenWindowHeight);

        if (sreenWindowWidth > 800)
        {
            if (screen_resolution_type_ == SCREEN_RESOLUTION_STANDARD)
            {
                scale_rate = SCALE_RATE_HALF;
                sreenWindowWidth = align(sreenWindowWidth / 2, 16);
                screenWindowHeight = align(screenWindowHeight / 2, 16);
            }
            else if(screen_resolution_type_ == SCREEN_RESOLUTION_LOW)
            {
                scale_rate = SCALE_RATE_TWO_FIFTHS;
                sreenWindowWidth = align(sreenWindowWidth * 2 / 5, 16);
                screenWindowHeight = align(screenWindowHeight * 2 / 5, 16);
            }
        }

        Log.i(TAG, "After adjust mWindowWidth: " + sreenWindowWidth + ", mWindowHeight: " + screenWindowHeight);

        int pf = mWindowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getPixelFormat();
        Log.i(TAG, "display format:" + pf);

        DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
        mWindowManager.getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(displayMetrics);
        mScreenDensity = displayMetrics.densityDpi;

        mImageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(sreenWindowWidth,
                screenWindowHeight, 0x1, 6);

        mMediaProjectionManager = (MediaProjectionManager) getSystemService(Context.MEDIA_PROJECTION_SERVICE);
    }

5. Android横竖屏自动适配

Android平台,如果是pad采集,基本就是横屏采集,如果手机端,需要确保横竖屏模式下都可以正常采集。

4. 为什么要考虑补帧

Android的时候,一定的采集模式下,屏幕如果没有变化,不会一直有实时屏幕数据回调下来,这时候,为了保持帧率或数据采集的完整性,建议补帧。

5. 异常网络处理、事件回调机制

网络状态,不管是推送端,还是播放端,都是需要有实时的状态回调,确保客户端可以实时感知网络状态。

backgroudService.SetEventListener(new EventListener() {
                  @Override
                  public void onPublisherEventCallback(long handle, int id, long param1, long param2, String param3, String param4, Object param5) {
                      String publisher_event = "";

                      switch (id) {
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_STARTED:
                              publisher_event = "开始..";
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_CONNECTING:
                              publisher_event = "连接中..";
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_CONNECTION_FAILED:
                              publisher_event = "连接失败..";
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_CONNECTED:
                              publisher_event = "连接成功..";
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_DISCONNECTED:
                              publisher_event = "连接断开..";
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_STOP:
                              publisher_event = "关闭..";
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_RECORDER_START_NEW_FILE:
                              publisher_event = "开始一个新的录像文件 : " + param3;
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_ONE_RECORDER_FILE_FINISHED:
                              publisher_event = "已生成一个录像文件 : " + param3;
                              break;

                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_SEND_DELAY:
                              publisher_event = "发送时延: " + param1 + " 帧数:" + param2;
                              break;

                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_CAPTURE_IMAGE:
                              publisher_event = "快照: " + param1 + " 路径:" + param3;

                              if (param1 == 0) {
                                  publisher_event = publisher_event + "截取快照成功..";
                              } else {
                                  publisher_event = publisher_event + "截取快照失败..";
                              }
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUBLISHER_RTSP_URL:
                              publisher_event = "RTSP服务URL: " + param3;
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUSH_RTSP_SERVER_RESPONSE_STATUS_CODE:
                              publisher_event = "RTSP status code received, codeID: " + param1 + ", RTSP URL: " + param3;
                              break;
                          case NTSmartEventID.EVENT_DANIULIVE_ERC_PUSH_RTSP_SERVER_NOT_SUPPORT:
                              publisher_event = "服务器不支持RTSP推送, 推送的RTSP URL: " + param3;
                              break;
                      }

                      String str = "当前状态:" + publisher_event;

                      Log.i(TAG, str);

                      if (handler_ != null) {
                          Message message = new Message();
                          message.what = PUBLISHER_EVENT_MSG;
                          message.obj = publisher_event;
                          handler_.sendMessage(message);
                      }
                  }
            });

6. 采集到的数据可以按需录像吗

可以,而且很有必要,同屏的时候,如果需要把开会或教授内容实时保存下来,可以随时启动录像。

public boolean startRecorder()
    {
        Log.i(TAG, "onClick startRecorder..");

        if(!stream_publisher_.is_publishing())
        {
            startCaptureScreen();
        }

        if (layer_post_thread_ != null)
            layer_post_thread_.update_layers();

        if (stream_publisher_.is_recording()) {
            stopRecorder();
            return false;
        }

        InitAndSetConfig();

        ConfigRecorderParam();

        boolean start_ret = stream_publisher_.StartRecorder();
        if (!start_ret) {
            stream_publisher_.try_release();
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start recorder.");
            return false;
        }

        startAudioRecorder();
        startLayerPostThread();

        return true;
    }

    //停止录像
    public void stopRecorder() {
        stream_publisher_.StopRecorder();
        stream_publisher_.try_release();

        if (!stream_publisher_.is_publishing())
            stopAudioRecorder();
    }

7. 文字、图片水印

需要而且建议支持,比如实时时间、学校或公司logo等。

//水印效果选择++++++++++
        watermarkSelctor = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.watermarkSelctor);
        watermarkSelctor.setEnabled(false);
        final String[] watermarks = new String[]{"图片水印", "全部水印", "文字水印", "不加水印"};

        ArrayAdapter<String> adapterWatermark = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item, watermarks);

        adapterWatermark.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);

        watermarkSelctor.setAdapter(adapterWatermark);

        watermarkSelctor.setSelection(3,true);
        watemarkType = 3;   //默认不加水印

        watermarkSelctor.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {

            @Override
            public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
                                       int position, long id) {

                watemarkType = position;

                Log.i(TAG, "[水印类型]Currently choosing: " + watermarks[position] + ", watemarkType: " + watemarkType);

                if(backgroudService !=null) {
                    backgroudService.updateWatermarker(watemarkType);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {

            }
        });

8. 可以同时启动轻量级RTSP服务吗

public boolean startRtspService(int port)
    {
        Log.i(TAG, "startRtspService++");

        rtsp_handle_ = lib_publisher_.OpenRtspServer(0);

        if (rtsp_handle_ == 0) {
            Log.e(TAG, "创建rtsp server实例失败! 请检查SDK有效性");
        } else {
            if (lib_publisher_.SetRtspServerPort(rtsp_handle_, port) != 0) {
                lib_publisher_.CloseRtspServer(rtsp_handle_);
                rtsp_handle_ = 0;
                Log.e(TAG, "创建rtsp server端口失败! 请检查端口是否重复或者端口不在范围内!");
            }

            if (lib_publisher_.StartRtspServer(rtsp_handle_, 0) == 0) {
                Log.i(TAG, "启动rtsp server 成功!");
            } else {
                lib_publisher_.CloseRtspServer(rtsp_handle_);
                rtsp_handle_ = 0;
                Log.e(TAG, "启动rtsp server失败! 请检查设置的端口是否被占用!");
            }

            isRTSPServiceRunning = true;
        }

        return true;
    }

    //停止RTSP服务
    public void stopRtspService() {
        Log.i(TAG, "stopRtspService++");
        if(!isRTSPServiceRunning)
        {
            return;
        }
        if (lib_publisher_ != null && rtsp_handle_ != 0) {
            lib_publisher_.StopRtspServer(rtsp_handle_);
            lib_publisher_.CloseRtspServer(rtsp_handle_);
            rtsp_handle_ = 0;
        }

        isRTSPServiceRunning = false;
    }

    public boolean startRtspPublisher(){
        Log.i(TAG, "startRtspPublisher++");

        if(!stream_publisher_.is_publishing())
        {
            startCaptureScreen();
        }

        InitAndSetConfig();

        String rtsp_stream_name = "stream1";
        stream_publisher_.SetRtspStreamName(rtsp_stream_name);
        stream_publisher_.ClearRtspStreamServer();

        stream_publisher_.AddRtspStreamServer(rtsp_handle_);

        if (!stream_publisher_.StartRtspStream()) {
            stream_publisher_.try_release();
            Log.e(TAG, "调用发布rtsp流接口失败!");
            return false;
        }

        startAudioRecorder();
        startLayerPostThread();

        return true;
    }

    //停止发布RTSP流
    public void stopRtspPublisher() {
        Log.i(TAG, "stopRtspPublisher++");
        stream_publisher_.StopRtspStream();
        stream_publisher_.try_release();

        if (!stream_publisher_.is_publishing())
            stopAudioRecorder();
    }

    public int getRtspSessionNumbers(){
        int session_numbers = 0;
        if (lib_publisher_ != null && rtsp_handle_ != 0) {
            session_numbers = lib_publisher_.GetRtspServerClientSessionNumbers(rtsp_handle_);
            Log.i(TAG, "GetRtspSessionNumbers: " + session_numbers);
        }

        return session_numbers;
    }

9. 同屏延迟,能不能做到毫秒级

这个是基础,毫秒级延迟见最上面的图。

10. 能不能采集到扬声器的audio?

Windows不在话下,Android平台需要高版本支持,高版本是可以采集到扬声器数据的,我们也实现了相关的demo,可以同时采集麦克风和扬声器的audio,单独推送或者同时混音输出。

11. 同屏过程中,重点画面可以快照吗?

当然可以,我们同屏采集端,支持采集编码png或jpg格式输出。

总结

其实一个好的无纸化同屏系统,需要考虑的有整体组网、分辨率、码率、实时延迟、音视频同步和连续性等各个指标,做容易,做好难,上述抛砖引玉,未能面面俱到,感兴趣的开发者,可以跟我单独交流。