技术背景
好多开发者,希望我们能系统的介绍下无纸化同屏的原理和集成步骤,以Android平台为例,无纸化同屏将Android设备上的屏幕内容实时投射到另一个显示设备(如Windows终端、国产化操作系统或另一台Android设备)上,从而实现多屏互动和内容的无缝共享。
技术考量指标
本文以大牛直播SDK Android同屏采集推送为例,介绍下我们前些年做Android同屏采集推送的时候,一些注意点:
- 声明所需权限:在Android应用的AndroidManifest.xml文件中声明必要的权限;
- 获取MediaProjectionManager服务:在你Activity或Service,通过getSystemService方法获取MediaProjectionManager服务;
- 创建并启动屏幕捕获Intent:使用MediaProjectionManager的createScreenCaptureIntent方法创建一个Intent,该Intent会启动一个系统对话框,请求用户授权屏幕捕获;
- 处理用户授权结果:在onActivityResult回调中,根据用户授权的结果来获取MediaProjection对象;
- 创建VirtualDisplay并捕获屏幕:获得了MediaProjection对象,就可以使用它来创建一个VirtualDisplay,这个VirtualDisplay会捕获屏幕内容并将其发送到指定的Surface;
- 资源释放:当屏幕捕获不再需要时,确保释放MediaProjection和VirtualDisplay对象,以避免资源泄露;
- 视频编码:通过上述步骤,捕获带的屏幕内容需要进行视频编码,以便在网络中传输。如H.264、H.265等,以及设置合适的分辨率、帧率、码率,以适应不同的网络环境和接收设备的性能;
- 流媒体协议:为了将编码后的视频流实时传输到接收端,Android无纸化同屏技术通常采用RTMP推流模式或轻量级RTSP服务。
技术实现
本文以大牛直播SDK的Android的SmartServicePublisherV2的同屏demo为例,Android采集计时器,编码打包分别启动RTMP推送和轻量级RTSP服务,Windows过来分别拉取RTMP和RTSP的流,整体延迟毫秒级:
启动APP后,先选择需要采集的分辨率(如果选原始分辨率,系统不做缩放),然后选择“启动媒体投影”,并分别启动音频播放采集、采集麦克风。如果音频播放采集和采集麦克风都打开,可以通过右侧下拉框,推送过程中,音频播放采集和麦克风采集实时切换。需要注意的是,Android采集音频播放的audio,音频播放采集是依赖屏幕投影的,屏幕投影关闭后,音频播放也就采不到了。
编码的话,考虑到屏幕分辨率一般不会太低,我们可以缩放后再推送,默认我们开启了原始分辨率、标准分辨率、低分辨率选项设置。一般建议标准分辨率即可。如果对画质和分辨率要求比较高,可以选择原始分辨率。设备支持硬编码,优先选择H.264硬编,如果是H.265硬编,需要RTMP服务器支持扩展H.265(或Enhanced RTMP)。
都选择好后,设置RTMP推送的URL,点开始RTMP推送按钮即可。
如果需要通过轻量级RTSP服务,发布RTSP流,先点击启动RTSP服务按钮,RTSP服务启动后,再点击启动RTSP流,RTSP流发布成功后,界面会回调上来RTSP拉流的URL。
下面从代码逻辑实现角度,介绍下同屏的具体流程:
启动媒体服务,进入系统后,我们会自动启动媒体服务,对应的实现逻辑如下:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private void start_media_service() {
Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), StreamMediaDemoService.class);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
Log.i(TAG, "startForegroundService");
startForegroundService(intent);
} else
startService(intent);
bindService(intent, service_connection_, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
button_stop_media_service_.setText("停止媒体服务");
}
private void stop_media_service() {
if (media_engine_callback_ != null)
media_engine_callback_.reset(null);
if (media_engine_ != null) {
media_engine_.unregister_callback(media_engine_callback_);
media_engine_ = null;
}
media_engine_callback_ = null;
if (media_binder_ != null) {
media_binder_ = null;
unbindService(service_connection_);
}
Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), StreamMediaDemoService.class);
stopService(intent);
button_stop_media_service_.setText("启动媒体服务");
}
需要注意的是,Android 6.0及以上版本,动态获取Audio权限:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private boolean check_record_audio_permission() {
//6.0及以上版本,动态获取Audio权限
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == checkPermission(android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO, Process.myPid(), Process.myUid()))
return true;
return false;
}
private void request_audio_permission() {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 23)
return;
Log.i(TAG, "requestPermissions RECORD_AUDIO");
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[] {android.Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO}, REQUEST_AUDIO_CODE);
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch(requestCode){
case REQUEST_AUDIO_CODE:
if (grantResults != null && grantResults.length > 0 && PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == grantResults[0]) {
Log.i(TAG, "RECORD_AUDIO permission has been granted");
}else {
Toast.makeText(this, "请开启录音权限!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
}
}
启动、停止媒体投影:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private class ButtonStartMediaProjectionListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (null == media_engine_)
return;
if (media_engine_.is_video_capture_running()) {
media_engine_.stop_audio_playback_capture();
media_engine_.stop_video_capture();
resolution_selector_.setEnabled(true);
button_capture_audio_playback_.setText("采集音频播放");
button_start_media_projection_.setText("启动媒体投影");
return;
}
Intent capture_intent;
capture_intent = media_projection_manager_.createScreenCaptureIntent();
startActivityForResult(capture_intent, REQUEST_MEDIA_PROJECTION);
Log.i(TAG, "startActivityForResult request media projection");
}
}
启动媒体投影后,选择“采集音频播放”,如果需要采集麦克风,可以点击“采集麦克风”:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private class ButtonCaptureAudioPlaybackListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (null == media_engine_)
return;
if (media_engine_.is_audio_playback_capture_running()) {
media_engine_.stop_audio_playback_capture();
button_capture_audio_playback_.setText("采集音频播放");
return;
}
if (!media_engine_.start_audio_playback_capture(44100, 1))
Log.e(TAG, "start_audio_playback_capture failed");
else
button_capture_audio_playback_.setText("停止音频播放采集");
}
}
private class ButtonStartAudioRecordListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (null == media_engine_)
return;
if (media_engine_.is_audio_record_running()) {
media_engine_.stop_audio_record();
button_start_audio_record_.setText("采集麦克风");
return;
}
if (!media_engine_.start_audio_record(44100, 1))
Log.e(TAG, "start_audio_record failed");
else
button_start_audio_record_.setText("停止麦克风");
}
}
启动、停止RTMP推送:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private class ButtonRTMPPublisherListener implements OnClickListener {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (null == media_engine_)
return;
if (media_engine_.is_rtmp_stream_running()) {
media_engine_.stop_rtmp_stream();
button_rtmp_publisher_.setText("开始RTMP推送");
text_view_rtmp_url_.setText("RTMP URL: ");
Log.i(TAG, "stop rtmp stream");
return;
}
if (!media_engine_.is_video_capture_running())
return;
String rtmp_url;
if (input_rtmp_url_ != null && input_rtmp_url_.length() > 1) {
rtmp_url = input_rtmp_url_;
Log.i(TAG, "start, input rtmp url:" + rtmp_url);
} else {
rtmp_url = baseURL + String.valueOf((int) (System.currentTimeMillis() % 1000000));
Log.i(TAG, "start, generate random url:" + rtmp_url);
}
media_engine_.set_fps(fps_);
media_engine_.set_gop(gop_);
media_engine_.set_video_encoder_type(video_encoder_type);
if (!media_engine_.start_rtmp_stream(rtmp_url))
return;
button_rtmp_publisher_.setText("停止RTMP推送");
text_view_rtmp_url_.setText("RTMP URL:" + rtmp_url);
Log.i(TAG, "RTMP URL:" + rtmp_url);
}
}
启动RTSP服务:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private class ButtonRTSPServiceListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (null == media_engine_)
return;
if (media_engine_.is_rtsp_server_running()) {
media_engine_.stop_rtsp_stream();
media_engine_.stop_rtsp_server();
button_rtsp_publisher_.setText("启动RTSP流");
button_rtsp_service_.setText("启动RTSP服务");
text_view_rtsp_url_.setText("RTSP URL:");
return;
}
if (!media_engine_.start_rtsp_server(rtsp_port_, null, null))
return;
button_rtsp_service_.setText("停止RTSP服务");
}
}
发布RTSP流:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
private class ButtonRtspPublisherListener implements OnClickListener {
public void onClick(View v) {
if (null == media_engine_)
return;
if (media_engine_.is_rtsp_stream_running()) {
media_engine_.stop_rtsp_stream();
button_rtsp_publisher_.setText("启动RTSP流");
text_view_rtsp_url_.setText("RTSP URL:");
return;
}
if (!media_engine_.is_video_capture_running())
return;
media_engine_.set_fps(fps_);
media_engine_.set_gop(gop_);
media_engine_.set_video_encoder_type(video_encoder_type);
if (!media_engine_.start_rtsp_stream("stream1"))
return;
button_rtsp_publisher_.setText("停止RTSP流");
}
}
RTSP流发布成功后,底层会把RTSP拉流的URL回调上来:
/*
* MainActivity.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
@Override
public void on_nt_rtsp_stream_url(String url) {
Log.i(TAG, "on_nt_rtsp_stream_url: " + url);
MainActivity activity = get_activity();
if (activity != null) {
activity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
MainActivity activity_;
String url_;
@Override
public void run() {
activity_.text_view_rtsp_url_.setText("RTSP URL:" + url_);
}
public Runnable set(MainActivity activity, String url) {
this.activity_ = activity;
this.url_ = url;
return this;
}
}.set(activity, url));
}
}
可以看到,上述操作,都是在MainActivity.java调用的,如果是需要做demo版本集成,只需要关注MainActivity.java的业务逻辑即可,为了便于开发者对接,我们做了接口的二次封装,除了常规的RTMP推送、轻量级RTSP服务设计外,如果需要录像,只要在MainActivity.java调用这里的接口逻辑即可,非常方便:
/*
* NTStreamMediaEngine.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
package com.daniulive.smartpublisher;
public interface NTStreamMediaEngine {
void register_callback(Callback callback);
void unregister_callback(Callback callback);
void set_resolution_level(int level);
int get_resolution_level();
/*
* 启动媒体投影
*/
boolean start_video_capture(int token_code, android.content.Intent token_data);
boolean is_video_capture_running();
void stop_video_capture();
/*
* 启动麦克风
*/
boolean start_audio_record(int sample_rate, int channels);
boolean is_audio_record_running();
void stop_audio_record();
/*
* Android 10及以上支持, Android10以下设备调用直接返回false
* 需要有RECORD_AUDIO权限
* 要开启媒体投影
*/
boolean start_audio_playback_capture(int sample_rate, int channels);
boolean is_audio_playback_capture_running();
void stop_audio_playback_capture();
/*
* 输出的音频类型
* 0: 不输出音频
* 1: 输出麦克风
* 2: 输出audio playback(Android 10及以上支持)
*/
boolean set_audio_output_type(int type);
int get_audio_output_type();
void set_fps(int fps);
void set_gop(int gop);
boolean set_video_encoder_type(int video_encoder_type);
int get_video_encoder_type();
/*
* 推送RTMP
*/
boolean start_rtmp_stream(String url);
boolean is_rtmp_stream_running();
String get_rtmp_stream_url();
void stop_rtmp_stream();
/*
* 启动RTSP Server, 需要设置端口,用户名和密码可选
*/
boolean start_rtsp_server(int port, String user_name, String password);
boolean is_rtsp_server_running();
void stop_rtsp_server();
/*
* 发布RTSP流
*/
boolean start_rtsp_stream(String stream_name);
boolean is_rtsp_stream_running();
String get_rtsp_stream_url();
void stop_rtsp_stream();
/*
* 启动本地录像
*/
boolean start_stream_record(String record_directory, int file_max_size);
boolean is_stream_recording();
void stop_stream_record();
boolean is_stream_running();
interface Callback {
void on_nt_video_capture_stop();
void on_nt_rtsp_stream_url(String url);
}
}
如果对音视频这块相对了解的开发者,可以继续到NTStreamMediaProjectionEngineImpl.java文件,查看或修改相关的技术实现:
/*
* NTStreamMediaProjectionEngineImpl.java
* Created by daniusdk.com on 2017/04/19.
*/
package com.daniulive.smartpublisher;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Application;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Point;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.media.Image;
import android.media.projection.MediaProjection;
import android.media.projection.MediaProjectionManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Process;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Size;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.view.WindowMetrics;
import com.eventhandle.NTSmartEventCallbackV2;
import com.eventhandle.NTSmartEventID;
import com.voiceengine.NTAudioRecordV2;
import com.voiceengine.NTAudioRecordV2Callback;
import com.videoengine.NTMediaProjectionCapture;
import com.voiceengine.NTAudioPlaybackCapture;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
public class NTStreamMediaProjectionEngineImpl implements AutoCloseable, NTStreamMediaEngine,
NTVirtualDisplaySurfaceSinker.Callback, NTMediaProjectionCapture.Callback {
private static final String TAG = "NTLogProjectionEngine";
private static final Size DEFAULT_SIZE = new Size(1920, 1080);
public static final int RESOLUTION_LOW = 0;
public static final int RESOLUTION_MEDIUM = 1;
public static final int RESOLUTION_HIGH = 2;
private final Application application_;
private final long image_thread_id_;
private final long running_thread_id_;
private final Handler image_handler_;
private final Handler running_handler_;
private final WindowManager window_manager_;
private final MediaProjectionManager projection_manager_;
private int screen_density_dpi_ = android.util.DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT;
private final SmartPublisherJniV2 lib_publisher_;
private final LibPublisherWrapper.RTSPServer rtsp_server_;
private final LibPublisherWrapper stream_publisher_;
private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<NTStreamMediaEngine.Callback> callbacks_ = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
private final AtomicReference<VideoSinkerCapturePair> video_capture_pair_ = new AtomicReference<>();
private final AudioRecordCallbackImpl audio_record_callback_;
private final AudioPlaybackCaptureCallbackImpl audio_playback_capture_callback_;
private final AtomicReference<NTAudioRecordV2> audio_record_ = new AtomicReference<>();
private final AtomicReference<NTAudioPlaybackCapture> audio_playback_capture_ = new AtomicReference<>();
...
}
以Android平台RTMP推送模块为例,我们主要实现了如下功能:
- 音频编码:AAC/SPEEX;
- 视频编码:H.264、H.265;
- 推流协议:RTMP;
- [音视频]支持纯音频/纯视频/音视频推送;
- [摄像头]支持采集过程中,前后摄像头实时切换;
- 支持帧率、关键帧间隔(GOP)、码率(bit-rate)设置;
- 支持RTMP推送 live|record模式设置;
- 支持前置摄像头镜像设置;
- 支持软编码、特定机型硬编码;
- 支持横屏、竖屏推送;
- 支持Android屏幕采集推送;
- 支持自建标准RTMP服务器或CDN;
- 支持断网自动重连、网络状态回调;
- 支持实时动态水印;
- 支持实时快照;
- 支持降噪处理、自动增益控制;
- 支持外部编码前音视频数据对接;
- 支持外部编码后音视频数据对接;
- 支持RTMP扩展H.265(需设备支持H.265特定机型硬编码)和Enhanced RTMP;
- 支持实时音量调节;
- 支持扩展录像模块;
- 支持Unity接口;
- 支持H.264扩展SEI发送模块;
- 支持Android 5.1及以上版本。
轻量级RTSP服务,在上述非RTMP协议依赖的基础上,增加了如下功能:
- [音频格式]AAC;
- [视频格式]H.264、H.265;
- [协议类型]RTSP;
- [传输模式]支持单播和组播模式;
- [端口设置]支持RTSP端口设置;
- [鉴权设置]支持RTSP鉴权用户名、密码设置;
- [获取session连接数]支持获取当前RTSP服务会话连接数;
- [多服务支持]支持同时创建多个内置RTSP服务;
- [RTSP url回调]支持设置后的rtsp url通过event回调到上层。
总结
以上是Android平台屏幕采集、音频播放声音采集、麦克风采集编码打包推送到RTMP和轻量级RTSP服务的相关技术实现,做成高稳定低延迟的同屏系统,还需要有配套好的RTMP、RTSP直播播放器,整体部署,内网大并发环境下,还需要考虑到如何组网等诸多因素。做demo容易,做个成熟的模块还是有一定的难度,以上抛砖引玉,感兴趣的开发者,可以单独跟我沟通探讨。