◆Postfix安装和配置
这是邮件系统的核心部分，因此安装和配置是比较复杂的，特别是做配置时要格外小心，有时还需要反复修改，反复测试。
(1)安装postfix.
[root@mailserv2 ~]#yum –y install openssl-devel gdbm-devel db*-devel
[root@mailserv2 ~]# cd
[root@mailserv2 ~]# tar zxvf postfix-2.4.9.tar.gz
[root@mailserv2 ~]# cd postfix-2.4.9
[root@mailserv2 postfix-2.4.9]# make -f Makefile.init makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include/ -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -I/usr/local/include/sasl -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -L/usr/lib/sasl2' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/local/lib -lsasl2'
[root@mailserv2 ~]# tar zxvf postfix-2.4.9.tar.gz
[root@mailserv2 ~]# cd postfix-2.4.9
[root@mailserv2 postfix-2.4.9]# make -f Makefile.init makefiles 'CCARGS=-DHAS_MYSQL -I/usr/local/mysql/include/ -DUSE_SASL_AUTH -I/usr/local/include/sasl -DUSE_CYRUS_SASL -L/usr/lib/sasl2' 'AUXLIBS=-L/usr/local/mysql/lib -lmysqlclient -lz -lm -L/usr/local/lib -lsasl2'
[root@mailserv2 postfix-2.2.11]# make
如果没有意外，
make这一步很快就执行完了，接下来就是安装，使用的命令是：
[root@mailserv2 postfix-2.2.11]# make install
程序先自动执行一阵子，然后会进入交互状态，等待用户的输入，一般情况下，一路回车即可完成所有的安装。
(2)配置postfix。Postfix有本身有2个需要修改的配置文件/etc/postfix/main.cf和/etc/postfix/master.cf，因为我们要用mysql虚拟帐号，因此需要手动加一些配置文件，下面挨个来做这些配置。
①main.cf。
[root@mail1 postfixadmin]# postconf -n
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
home_mailbox = Maildir/
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
local_recipient_maps =
mail_owner = postfix
mail_spool_directory = /var/mailbox
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
message_size_limit = 14336000
mydestination =
mydomain = mail.sery.com
myhostname = mail1.mail.sery.com
mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8,192.168.20.0/24
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = no
sample_directory = /etc/postfix
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
setgid_group = postdrop
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP "Version not Available"
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination,permit
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,reject_sender_login_mismatch,reject_authenticated_sender_login_mismatch,reject_unauthenticated_sender_login_mismatch
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:1001
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox/
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_transport = maildrop
virtual_uid_maps = static:1001
[root@mail1 postfixadmin]#
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
command_directory = /usr/sbin
config_directory = /etc/postfix
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
debug_peer_level = 2
home_mailbox = Maildir/
html_directory = no
inet_interfaces = all
local_recipient_maps =
mail_owner = postfix
mail_spool_directory = /var/mailbox
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq
manpage_directory = /usr/local/man
message_size_limit = 14336000
mydestination =
mydomain = mail.sery.com
myhostname = mail1.mail.sery.com
mynetworks = 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8,192.168.20.0/24
myorigin = $mydomain
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
readme_directory = no
sample_directory = /etc/postfix
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail
setgid_group = postdrop
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP "Version not Available"
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_invalid_hostname,reject_non_fqdn_hostname,reject_unknown_sender_domain,reject_non_fqdn_sender,reject_non_fqdn_recipient,reject_unknown_recipient_domain,reject_unauth_pipelining,reject_unauth_destination,permit
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,reject_sender_login_mismatch,reject_authenticated_sender_login_mismatch,reject_unauthenticated_sender_login_mismatch
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
virtual_alias_domains =
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
virtual_gid_maps = static:1001
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/mailbox/
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
virtual_mailbox_limit = 20971520
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
virtual_transport = maildrop
virtual_uid_maps = static:1001
[root@mail1 postfixadmin]#
[root@mail1 postfixadmin]# cat /etc/postfix/master.cf
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
#submission inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay unix - - n - - smtp
-o fallback_relay=
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/maildrop/bin/maildrop -w 90 -d ${user}@${nexthop} ${recipient} ${user} ${extension} ${nexthop}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# The Cyrus deliver program has changed incompatibly, multiple times.
#
old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
# flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
# ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
# ${nexthop} ${user}
localhost:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
#
# Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format
# of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master").
#
# ==========================================================================
# service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args
# (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp inet n - n - - smtpd
#submission inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_enforce_tls=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
# -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#628 inet n - n - - qmqpd
pickup fifo n - n 60 1 pickup
cleanup unix n - n - 0 cleanup
qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - n 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - n - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - n - 0 bounce
defer unix - - n - 0 bounce
trace unix - - n - 0 bounce
verify unix - - n - 1 verify
flush unix n - n 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
smtp unix - - n - - smtp
# When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops
relay unix - - n - - smtp
-o fallback_relay=
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - n - - showq
error unix - - n - - error
retry unix - - n - - error
discard unix - - n - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - n - - lmtp
anvil unix - - n - 1 anvil
scache unix - - n - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/maildrop/bin/maildrop -w 90 -d ${user}@${nexthop} ${recipient} ${user} ${extension} ${nexthop}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# The Cyrus deliver program has changed incompatibly, multiple times.
#
old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
#scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
# flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
# ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
# ${nexthop} ${user}
localhost:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o strict_rfc821_envelopes=yes
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
②创建目录/etc/postfix/mysql,然后手动创建四个配置文件：mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf， mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf，mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf， mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf。这4个文件的内容分别如下：
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[root@mail1 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = alias
select_field = goto
where_field = address
[root@mail1 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = domain
select_field = description
where_field = domain
[root@mail1 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = quota
where_field = username
[root@mail1 mysql]# more mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf
user = postfix
password = postfix
hosts = localhost
dbname = postfix
table = mailbox
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
启动服务
postfix start
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