该篇仅作为个人笔记,欢迎收藏。
注意:字典中的元素没有顺序之说。
假如我们有一个字典对象:

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}

​len()​​方法:获取字典对象中的元素个数。

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(len(dict1))
"""
result:
4
"""

​dict.[key]​​​方法:通过某个​​key​​​值(键值)获取与其对应的某个​​value​​值(值)

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1["name"])
"""
result:
Xiao Ming
"""

​dict.[key] = "xxx"​​​方法:​​1.​​​当指定的条目字典中不存在时,直接向字典中添加新条目,不用去更新字典,​​2.​​​当指定的条目字典中存在时,修改字典中的值
举例​​​1​​:

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1)
dict1["city"] = "Xi'an"
print(dict1)
"""
result:
{'name': 'Xiao Ming', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'status': 'single'}
{'name': 'Xiao Ming', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'status': 'single', 'city': "Xi'an"}
"""

举例​​2​​:

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
dict1["age"] = 26
print(dict1)
"""
result:
{'name': 'Xiao Ming', 'age': 26, 'gender': 'male', 'status': 'single'}
"""

​updata()​​​方法:将字典​​dict2​​​中的元素添加到字典​​dict1​​中

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
dict2 = {"pet": "cat"}
dict1.update(dict2)
print(dict1)
"""
result:
{'name': 'Xiao Ming', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'status': 'single', 'pet': 'cat'}
"""

​del dict[key]​​​方法:删除字典中对应​​key​​​值的​​value​​​值,注意与列表的del()方法()做区分。

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
del dict1["name"]
print(dict1)
"""
result:
{'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'status': 'single'}
"""

​pop()​​​方法:删除字典中对一个​​key​​​值的​​value​​值

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
dict1.pop("name")
print(dict1)
"""
result:
{'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'status': 'single'}
"""

​clear()​​方法:删除字典中的所有条目

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
dict1.clear()
print(dict1)
"""
result:
{}
"""

​items()​​​方法:返回键值对​​tuple​​的列表

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1.items())
"""
result:
dict_items([('name', 'Xiao Ming'), ('age', 18), ('gender', 'male'), ('status', 'single')])
"""

​keys()​​方法:返回键的列表

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1.keys())
"""
result:
dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'gender', 'status'])
"""

​values()​​方法:返回值的列表

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1.values())
"""
result:
dict_values(['Xiao Ming', 18, 'male', 'single'])
"""

​key in dict​​方法:判断字典中的某个键值是否存在。

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print("age" in dict1)
"""
result:
True
"""

​dict.get(key)​​​方法:判断字典中的某个键值是否存在,存在,则返回键值,若没有则返回​​None​

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1.get("age"))
print(dict1.get("income"))
"""
result:
18
None
"""

​dcit.get(key)​​​方法的好处,在不确定字典中是否存在对于的键值时,如果直接使用​​dict[key]​​​会产生错误导致程序中断,而使用​​dict.get(key)​​可以保证程序不中断,继续执行。请看如下代码:

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1["xiao xiao"])
"""
result:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/15025/Desktop/Intelligence/debug00.py", line 14, in <module>
print(dict1["income"])
KeyError: 'income'
"""

​dict.get()​​​方法也可以指定当选取对象不存在时的返回值(之前提到默认不存在返回为​​None​​)。比如:

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
print(dict1.get("income", False))
"""
result:
False
"""

可以看到此时的返回值变为了​​False​​​。
事实上,我们也可以通过直接使用​​​dict.get(key)​​来得到类似的结果,但是在使用之前我们需要做一下设定。

dict1 = {"name": "Xiao Ming", "age": 18, "gender": "male", "status": "single"}
dict1.setdefault("xiao xiao", False)
print(dict1["xiao xiao"])
"""
result:
False
"""

可以看到此时程序也没有报错,而是返回了我们设定的结果。
举例​​​3​​:从列表中快速创建集合,并统计列表中对应元素出现的次数。

list1 = ["a", "v", "c", "d", "a"]
c = {}
for i in set(list1):
c[i] = list1.count(i)

print(c)
"""
result:
{'d': 1, 'c': 1, 'v': 1, 'a': 2}
"""

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