Threejs实现音乐节奏表演

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BakerZhuang 2024-03-13 11:51:25 博主文章分类：threeJs ©著作权

文章标签 数据加载 Threejs 文章分类 JavaScript 前端开发

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昨天看到一个网站是2维的柱形图随着音乐节奏起伏，我突然想到二维形状可以起伏，三维应该也可以，最终原理应该都是将音乐频谱分解为数据，通过数据的切换不断地改变图形的形状来实现，因为找了分析音乐频谱的源码，解析完，再通过threejs的动画实现了3D场景下的模型随着音乐的节奏而变化，下面做详细步骤的说明：

这只是做个简单的demo，主要是有了音乐的数据，后面的效果可以任意发挥，首先需要新建一个场景，还是之前的老样子，创建场景，相机，灯光，渲染器等，代码如下：

initScene(){
      scene = new THREE.Scene();
    },
    initCamera(){
      this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 10000);
      this.camera.position.set(200,400,200);
    },
    initLight(){
      //添加两个平行光
      const directionalLight1 = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.5);
      directionalLight1.position.set(300,300,600)
      scene.add(directionalLight1);
      const directionalLight2 = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.5);
      directionalLight2.position.set(600,200,600)
      scene.add(directionalLight2);
    },
initFloor(){
      let floorGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 200,1,200);
      let floorMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color:'#03133E'});
      let floor = new THREE.Mesh( floorGeometry, floorMaterial );
      floor.position.set(0,2,0)
      scene.add(floor)
    },
initRenderer(){
      this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
      this.container = document.getElementById("container")
      this.renderer.setSize(this.container.clientWidth, this.container.clientHeight);
      this.renderer.setClearColor('#AAAAAA', 1.0);
      this.container.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement);
    },
    initControl(){
      this.controls = new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement);
      this.controls.enableDamping = true;
      this.controls.maxPolarAngle = Math.PI / 2.2;      // // 最大角度
    },
initAnimate() {
      requestAnimationFrame(this.initAnimate);
      this.renderer.render(scene, this.camera);
}

然后在地板上放小方块，如果直接循环放置会放在同一个位置重叠，因为这里要在循环里控制每个小方块之间的距离，大概意思就是每个小方块长宽高为10，每个小方块间隔1，且每铺满11个小方块为一行后就再换一行重头平铺，每个方块的高度设置为0，水平位置为循环中计算出来的位置，最终全部平铺开来，每个都加入到场景中等会用音乐的节奏来控制小方块的跳动，但是经过测试太多的小方块会导致卡顿，（因为模型和修改模型位置和材质都会消耗性能，且因为方块独立跳动没办法进行合并），这里选择用121个小方块，做成11*11的方阵。

initBox(){
      let x = -60; let z = -60;
      for (let i = 0; i < 121; i++) {
        if(i%11 === 0){
          x = x + 11
          z = -60
        }
        z = z + 11
        const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(10, 10, 10);
        const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
          color: 0x00ff00
        });
        let boxMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
        this.boxMeshs.push(boxMesh)
        this.boxMeshs[i].position.set(x, 0, z);
        scene.add(this.boxMeshs[i]);
      }
    },

然后就需要去加载音乐了，音乐是设置在html中的audio标签，通过js获取标签元素来获取到连接的音乐资源，通过加载到的音乐分析，并获取他的音乐节奏，这部分我直接贴出代码，就不做详细解释了，如果有问题可以私信我。

initRound(){
      const AudioContext = window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext;
      let audioCtx = new AudioContext();
      if(!this.source){
        this.source = audioCtx.createMediaElementSource(this.myAudio);//通过audio标签获取播放源
        this.analyser = audioCtx.createAnalyser(); // 创建AnalyserNode 用于分析音频频谱的节点
        this.source.connect(this.analyser);
        this.analyser.connect(audioCtx.destination);
        let bufferLength = this.analyser.frequencyBinCount;
        this.dataArray = new Uint8Array(bufferLength);
      }
    },

此时的场景如下：

Threejs实现音乐节奏表演_加载

下面就是关键的步骤，通过不断更新的音乐节奏来更新小方块的位置，这里是在渲染动画里去实现，在循环中不断通过this.analyser.getByteFrequencyData(this.dataArray);获取到新的音乐数据，然后根据dataArray的值设置方块的位置，这里是直接设置方块的所在高度，为了更好看的效果还加了颜色设置，通过不同高度切换不同的RGB颜色，并赋值给对应的小方块材质，

initAnimate() {
      requestAnimationFrame(this.initAnimate);
      this.renderer.render(scene, this.camera);
      if(this.analyser){
        this.analyser.getByteFrequencyData(this.dataArray);
        for (let i = 0; i < this.dataArray.length-1; i++) {
          if(this.boxMeshs[i]){
            let x = this.boxMeshs[i].position.x
            let z = this.boxMeshs[i].position.z
            this.boxMeshs[i].position.set(x,this.dataArray[i],z)
            this.boxMeshs[i].geometry.parameters.width = this.dataArray[i]
            this.boxMeshs[i].material.color = new THREE.Color(0.8,this.dataArray[i],this.dataArray[i]);
            let r =0, g = 0, b  = 0;
            if(this.dataArray[i]<85){
              r = g = b = this.dataArray[i] * 3
            }else if(this.dataArray[i]<170){
              r = g = (this.dataArray[i] - 85) * 2
              b = 255
            }else{
              r = (this.dataArray[i] - 170) * 3
              g = b = 255
            }
            this.boxMeshs[i].material.color = new THREE.Color('rgb('+r+', '+g+', '+b+')')
          }
        }
      }
    },

基本的代码就这些了，下面附上完整代码

<template>
  <div>
    <div style="position: absolute;top:10px;left:40%;z-index: 100">
      <audio id='myAudio' controls>
        <source src="/static/video/music.mp3" type="audio/mp3">
      </audio>
    </div>
    <div id="container"></div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import * as THREE from 'three'
import {OrbitControls} from "three/addons/controls/OrbitControls";

let scene;
export default {
  name: "agv-single",
  data() {
    return{
      camera:null,
      cameraCurve:null,
      renderer:null,
      container:null,
      controls:null,

      myAudio:null,
      analyser:null,
      dataArray:[],
      boxMeshs:[],
      source:null,
    }
  },
  methods:{
    initScene(){
      scene = new THREE.Scene();
    },
    initCamera(){
      this.camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 10000);
      this.camera.position.set(200,400,200);
    },
    initLight(){
      //添加两个平行光
      const directionalLight1 = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.5);
      directionalLight1.position.set(300,300,600)
      scene.add(directionalLight1);
      const directionalLight2 = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 1.5);
      directionalLight2.position.set(600,200,600)
      scene.add(directionalLight2);
    },
    initFloor(){
      let floorGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry( 200,1,200);
      let floorMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color:'#03133E'});
      let floor = new THREE.Mesh( floorGeometry, floorMaterial );
      floor.position.set(0,2,0)
      scene.add(floor)
    },
    initRound(){
      const AudioContext = window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext;
      let audioCtx = new AudioContext();
      if(!this.source){
        this.source = audioCtx.createMediaElementSource(this.myAudio);//通过audio标签获取播放源
        this.analyser = audioCtx.createAnalyser(); // 创建AnalyserNode 用于分析音频频谱的节点
        this.source.connect(this.analyser);
        this.analyser.connect(audioCtx.destination);
        let bufferLength = this.analyser.frequencyBinCount;
        this.dataArray = new Uint8Array(bufferLength);
      }
    },
    initBox(){
      let x = -60; let z = -60;
      for (let i = 0; i < 121; i++) {
        if(i%11 === 0){
          x = x + 11
          z = -60
        }
        z = z + 11
        const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(10, 10, 10);
        const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({
          color: 0x00ff00
        });
        let boxMesh = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
        this.boxMeshs.push(boxMesh)
        this.boxMeshs[i].position.set(x, 0, z);
        scene.add(this.boxMeshs[i]);
      }
    },
    initRenderer(){
      this.renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
      this.container = document.getElementById("container")
      this.renderer.setSize(this.container.clientWidth, this.container.clientHeight);
      this.renderer.setClearColor('#AAAAAA', 1.0);
      this.container.appendChild(this.renderer.domElement);
    },
    initControl(){
      this.controls = new OrbitControls(this.camera, this.renderer.domElement);
      this.controls.enableDamping = true;
      this.controls.maxPolarAngle = Math.PI / 2.2;      // // 最大角度
    },
    initAnimate() {
      requestAnimationFrame(this.initAnimate);
      this.renderer.render(scene, this.camera);
      if(this.analyser){
        this.analyser.getByteFrequencyData(this.dataArray);
        for (let i = 0; i < this.dataArray.length-1; i++) {
          if(this.boxMeshs[i]){
            let x = this.boxMeshs[i].position.x
            let z = this.boxMeshs[i].position.z
            this.boxMeshs[i].position.set(x,this.dataArray[i],z)
            this.boxMeshs[i].geometry.parameters.width = this.dataArray[i]
            this.boxMeshs[i].material.color = new THREE.Color(0.8,this.dataArray[i],this.dataArray[i]);
            let r =0, g = 0, b  = 0;
            if(this.dataArray[i]<85){
              r = g = b = this.dataArray[i] * 3
            }else if(this.dataArray[i]<170){
              r = g = (this.dataArray[i] - 85) * 2
              b = 255
            }else{
              r = (this.dataArray[i] - 170) * 3
              g = b = 255
            }
            this.boxMeshs[i].material.color = new THREE.Color('rgb('+r+', '+g+', '+b+')')
          }
        }
      }
    },
    initPage(){
      this.initScene();
      this.initCamera();
      this.initLight();
      this.initFloor();
      this.initRenderer();
      this.initControl();
      this.initBox();
      this.initAnimate();
    }
  },
  mounted() {
    this.myAudio = document.querySelector('#myAudio');
    this.myAudio.addEventListener('play', () => {
      this.initRound();
    })
    this.initPage()
  }
}
</script>

<style scoped>
#container{
  position: absolute;
  width:100%;
  height:100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

</style>

效果图如下

Threejs实现音乐节奏表演_加载_02