pinyin4j的主页：http://pinyin4j.sourceforge.net/
pinyin4j能够根据中文字符获取其对应的拼音，而且拼音的格式可以定制。
pinyin4j是一个支持将中文转换到拼音的Java开源类库。

  1. 支持简体中文和繁体中文字符；

  2. 支持转换到汉语拼音，通用拼音, 威妥玛拼音（威玛拼法）, 注音符号第二式, 耶鲁拼法和国语罗马字；

  3. 支持多音字，即可以获取一个中文字符的多种发音；

  4. 支持多种字符串输出格式，比如支持Unicode格式的字符ü和声调符号(阴平 "ˉ",阳平"ˊ",上声"ˇ",去声"ˋ")的输出。

示例代码：

 

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public class Pinyin4jUtil { 
   
    /**
     * 汉字转换位汉语拼音首字母，英文字符不变，特殊字符丢失 支持多音字，生成方式如（长沙市长:cssc,zssz,zssc,cssz）
     * 
     * @param chines
     *            汉字
     * @return 拼音
     */ 
    public static String converterToFirstSpell(String chines) { 
        StringBuffer pinyinName = new StringBuffer(); 
        char[] nameChar = chines.toCharArray(); 
        HanyuPinyinOutputFormat defaultFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat(); 
        defaultFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE); 
        defaultFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE); 
        for (int i = 0; i < nameChar.length; i++) { 
            if (nameChar[i] > 128) { 
                try { 
                    // 取得当前汉字的所有全拼 
                    String[] strs = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray( 
                            nameChar[i], defaultFormat); 
                    if (strs != null) { 
                        for (int j = 0; j < strs.length; j++) { 
                            // 取首字母 
                            pinyinName.append(strs[j].charAt(0)); 
                            if (j != strs.length - 1) { 
                                pinyinName.append(","); 
                            } 
                        } 
                    } 
                    // else { 
                    // pinyinName.append(nameChar[i]); 
                    // } 
                } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) { 
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } else { 
                pinyinName.append(nameChar[i]); 
            } 
            pinyinName.append(" "); 
        } 
        // return pinyinName.toString(); 
        return parseTheChineseByObject(discountTheChinese(pinyinName.toString())); 
    } 
   
    /**
     * 汉字转换位汉语全拼，英文字符不变，特殊字符丢失
     * 支持多音字，生成方式如（重当参:zhongdangcen,zhongdangcan,chongdangcen
     * ,chongdangshen,zhongdangshen,chongdangcan）
     * 
     * @param chines
     *            汉字
     * @return 拼音
     */ 
    public static String converterToSpell(String chines) { 
        StringBuffer pinyinName = new StringBuffer(); 
        char[] nameChar = chines.toCharArray(); 
        HanyuPinyinOutputFormat defaultFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat(); 
        defaultFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE); 
        defaultFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE); 
        for (int i = 0; i < nameChar.length; i++) { 
            if (nameChar[i] > 128) { 
                try { 
                    // 取得当前汉字的所有全拼 
                    String[] strs = PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray( 
                            nameChar[i], defaultFormat); 
                    if (strs != null) { 
                        for (int j = 0; j < strs.length; j++) { 
                            pinyinName.append(strs[j]); 
                            if (j != strs.length - 1) { 
                                pinyinName.append(","); 
                            } 
                        } 
                    } 
                } catch (BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination e) { 
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } else { 
                pinyinName.append(nameChar[i]); 
            } 
            pinyinName.append(" "); 
        } 
        // return pinyinName.toString(); 
        return parseTheChineseByObject(discountTheChinese(pinyinName.toString())); 
    } 
   
    /**
     * 去除多音字重复数据
     * 
     * @param theStr
     * @return
     */ 
    private static List<Map<String, Integer>> discountTheChinese(String theStr) { 
        // 去除重复拼音后的拼音列表 
        List<Map<String, Integer>> mapList = new ArrayList<Map<String, Integer>>(); 
        // 用于处理每个字的多音字，去掉重复 
        Map<String, Integer> onlyOne = null; 
        String[] firsts = theStr.split(" "); 
        // 读出每个汉字的拼音 
        for (String str : firsts) { 
            onlyOne = new Hashtable<String, Integer>(); 
            String[] china = str.split(","); 
            // 多音字处理 
            for (String s : china) { 
                Integer count = onlyOne.get(s); 
                if (count == null) { 
                    onlyOne.put(s, new Integer(1)); 
                } else { 
                    onlyOne.remove(s); 
                    count++; 
                    onlyOne.put(s, count); 
                } 
            } 
            mapList.add(onlyOne); 
        } 
        return mapList; 
    } 
   
    /**
     * 解析并组合拼音，对象合并方案(推荐使用)
     * 
     * @return
     */ 
    private static String parseTheChineseByObject( 
            List<Map<String, Integer>> list) { 
        Map<String, Integer> first = null; // 用于统计每一次,集合组合数据 
        // 遍历每一组集合 
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { 
            // 每一组集合与上一次组合的Map 
            Map<String, Integer> temp = new Hashtable<String, Integer>(); 
            // 第一次循环，first为空 
            if (first != null) { 
                // 取出上次组合与此次集合的字符，并保存 
                for (String s : first.keySet()) { 
                    for (String s1 : list.get(i).keySet()) { 
                        String str = s + s1; 
                        temp.put(str, 1); 
                    } 
                } 
                // 清理上一次组合数据 
                if (temp != null && temp.size() > 0) { 
                    first.clear(); 
                } 
            } else { 
                for (String s : list.get(i).keySet()) { 
                    String str = s; 
                    temp.put(str, 1); 
                } 
            } 
            // 保存组合数据以便下次循环使用 
            if (temp != null && temp.size() > 0) { 
                first = temp; 
            } 
        } 
        String returnStr = ""; 
        if (first != null) { 
            // 遍历取出组合字符串 
            for (String str : first.keySet()) { 
                returnStr += (str + ","); 
            } 
        } 
        if (returnStr.length() > 0) { 
            returnStr = returnStr.substring(0, returnStr.length() - 1); 
        } 
        return returnStr; 
    } 
   
}


测试代码

 

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String str = "长沙市长"; 
           
        String pinyin = Pinyin4jUtil.converterToSpell(str); 
        System.out.println(str+" pin yin ："+pinyin); 
           
        pinyin = Pinyin4jUtil.converterToFirstSpell(str); 
        System.out.println(str+" short pin yin ："+pinyin);


运行结果：

长沙市长 pin yin ：zhangshashichang,changshashichang,zhangshashizhang,changshashizhang
长沙市长 short pin yin ：cssc,zssz,zssc,cssz