Mimikatz, Software S0002 | MITRE ATT&CK®
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Mimikatz

Mimikatz is a credential dumper capable of obtaining plaintext Windows account logins and passwords, along with many other features that make it useful for testing the security of networks. [1] [2]

ID: S0002
ⓘ
Type: TOOL
ⓘ
Platforms: Windows
Contributors: Vincent Le Toux
Version: 1.8
Created: 31 May 2017
Last Modified: 27 July 2023
Enterprise Layer
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Techniques Used

Domain ID Name Use
Enterprise T1134 .005 Access Token Manipulation: SID-History Injection

Mimikatz's MISC::AddSid module can appended any SID or user/group account to a user's SID-History. Mimikatz also utilizes SID-History Injection to expand the scope of other components such as generated Kerberos Golden Tickets and DCSync beyond a single domain.[2][3]
Enterprise T1098 Account Manipulation

The Mimikatz credential dumper has been extended to include Skeleton Key domain controller authentication bypass functionality. The LSADUMP::ChangeNTLM and LSADUMP::SetNTLM modules can also manipulate the password hash of an account without knowing the clear text value.[2][4]
Enterprise T1547 .005 Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Security Support Provider

The Mimikatz credential dumper contains an implementation of an SSP.[1]
Enterprise T1555 Credentials from Password Stores

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the credential vault and DPAPI.[1][5][6][7][8]

.003 Credentials from Web Browsers

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from DPAPI.[1][5][6][7]

.004 Windows Credential Manager

Mimikatz contains functionality to acquire credentials from the Windows Credential Manager.[9]
Enterprise T1003 .001 OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the LSASS Memory.[1][5][6][7]
.002 OS Credential Dumping: Security Account Manager

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the SAM table.[1][5][6][7]
.004 OS Credential Dumping: LSA Secrets

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from the LSA.[1][5][6][7]
.006 OS Credential Dumping: DCSync

Mimikatz performs credential dumping to obtain account and password information useful in gaining access to additional systems and enterprise network resources. It contains functionality to acquire information about credentials in many ways, including from DCSync/NetSync.[1][5][6][7][8]
Enterprise T1207 Rogue Domain Controller

Mimikatz’s LSADUMP::DCShadow module can be used to make AD updates by temporarily setting a computer to be a DC.[1][2]
Enterprise T1649 Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates

Mimikatz's CRYPTO module can create and export various types of authentication certificates.[2]
Enterprise T1558 .001 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Golden Ticket

Mimikatz's kerberos module can create golden tickets.[10][8]
.002 Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Silver Ticket

Mimikatz's kerberos module can create silver tickets.[10]
Enterprise T1552 .004 Unsecured Credentials: Private Keys

Mimikatz's CRYPTO::Extract module can extract keys by interacting with Windows cryptographic application programming interface (API) functions.[2]
Enterprise T1550 .002 Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Hash

Mimikatz's SEKURLSA::Pth module can impersonate a user, with only a password hash, to execute arbitrary commands.[2][7][8]
.003 Use Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Ticket

Mimikatz’s LSADUMP::DCSync and KERBEROS::PTT modules implement the three steps required to extract the krbtgt account hash and create/use Kerberos tickets.[2][3][11][7]

Groups That Use This Software

ID Name References
G0050 APT32

[12][13][14]
G0016 APT29

[15][16][17][18][19][20]
G1006 Earth Lusca

[21]
G0046 FIN7

[22]
G0079 DarkHydrus

[23][24]
G0092 TA505

[25]
G0060 BRONZE BUTLER

[26][27][28]
G0034 Sandworm Team

[29]
G0064 APT33

[30]
G0131 Tonto Team

[31]
G0087 APT39

[32][33][34][35]
G0108 Blue Mockingbird

[36]
G0080 Cobalt Group

[37][38][39]
G0027 Threat Group-3390

Threat Group-3390 has used a modified version of Mimikatz called Wrapikatz.[40][41][42][43][44]
G0004 Ke3chang

[45][46]
G0045 menuPass

[47]
G0088 TEMP.Veles

[48]
G0007 APT28

[49]
G0006 APT1

[50]
G1016 FIN13

[51]
G0059 Magic Hound

[52]
G0076 Thrip

[53]
G1004 LAPSUS$

[54]
G1017 Volt Typhoon

[55]
G0135 BackdoorDiplomacy

[56]
G0119 Indrik Spider

[57]
G0093 GALLIUM

[58][59]
G0069 MuddyWater

[60][61]
G0077 Leafminer

[62]
G0096 APT41

[63][64][65]
G0003 Cleaver

[66]
G0082 APT38

[67]
G0010 Turla

[68][69]
G0114 Chimera

[70][71]
G0102 Wizard Spider

[72][73]
G0008 Carbanak

[74]
G0011 PittyTiger

[75]
G1001 HEXANE

[76]
G0035 Dragonfly

[77]
G0049 OilRig

[78][79][52]
G0094 Kimsuky

[80][81]
G0037 FIN6

[82]
G0107 Whitefly

[83]

Campaigns

ID Name Description
C0017 C0017

During C0017, APT41 used Mimikatz to execute the lsadump::sam command on dumped registry hives to obtain locally stored credentials and NTLM hashes.[65]
C0018 C0018

[84][85]
C0014 Operation Wocao

During Operation Wocao, threat actors used Mimikatz with the privilege::debug and lsadump::dcsync /all flags to dump account credentials.[86]
C0024 SolarWinds Compromise

[16][17]

References

  1. Deply, B. (n.d.). Mimikatz. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
  2. Metcalf, S. (2015, November 13). Unofficial Guide to Mimikatz & Command Reference. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  3. Metcalf, S. (2015, August 7). Kerberos Golden Tickets are Now More Golden. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  4. Metcalf, S. (2015, January 19). Attackers Can Now Use Mimikatz to Implant Skeleton Key on Domain Controllers & BackDoor Your Active Directory Forest. Retrieved February 3, 2015.
  5. Deply, B., Le Toux, V. (2016, June 5). module ~ lsadump. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
  6. Grafnetter, M. (2015, October 26). Retrieving DPAPI Backup Keys from Active Directory. Retrieved December 19, 2017.
  7. The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security (CCCS), the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre (NZ NCSC), CERT New Zealand, the UK National Cyber Security Centre (UK NCSC) and the US National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC). (2018, October 11). Joint report on publicly available hacking tools. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  8. Strategic Cyber LLC. (2020, November 5). Cobalt Strike: Advanced Threat Tactics for Penetration Testers. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  9. Delpy, B. (2017, December 12). howto ~ credential manager saved credentials. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  10. Deply, B., Le Toux, V.. (2016, June 5). module ~ kerberos. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
  11. Schroeder, W. (2015, September 22). Mimikatz and DCSync and ExtraSids, Oh My. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
  12. Carr, N.. (2017, May 14). Cyber Espionage is Alive and Well: APT32 and the Threat to Global Corporations. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  13. Dahan, A. (2017, May 24). OPERATION COBALT KITTY: A LARGE-SCALE APT IN ASIA CARRIED OUT BY THE OCEANLOTUS GROUP. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  14. Dahan, A. (2017). Operation Cobalt Kitty. Retrieved December 27, 2018.
  15. F-Secure Labs. (2015, September 17). The Dukes: 7 years of Russian cyberespionage. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  16. Microsoft 365 Defender Team. (2020, December 28). Using Microsoft 365 Defender to protect against Solorigate. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  17. CrowdStrike. (2022, January 27). Early Bird Catches the Wormhole: Observations from the StellarParticle Campaign. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
  18. NSA, FBI, DHS. (2021, April 15). Russian SVR Targets U.S. and Allied Networks. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  19. UK NCSC. (2021, April 15). UK and US call out Russia for SolarWinds compromise. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
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  21. Chen, J., et al. (2022). Delving Deep: An Analysis of Earth Lusca’s Operations. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
  22. Loui, E. and Reynolds, J. (2021, August 30). CARBON SPIDER Embraces Big Game Hunting, Part 1. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
  23. Falcone, R., et al. (2018, July 27). New Threat Actor Group DarkHydrus Targets Middle East Government. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  24. Unit 42. (2017, December 15). Unit 42 Playbook Viewer. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  25. Terefos, A. (2020, November 18). TA505: A Brief History of Their Time. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  26. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, October 12). BRONZE BUTLER Targets Japanese Enterprises. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  27. DiMaggio, J. (2016, April 28). Tick cyberespionage group zeros in on Japan. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  28. Chen, J. et al. (2019, November). Operation ENDTRADE: TICK’s Multi-Stage Backdoors for Attacking Industries and Stealing Classified Data. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  29. Joe Slowik. (2018, October 12). Anatomy of an Attack: Detecting and Defeating CRASHOVERRIDE. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
  30. Security Response attack Investigation Team. (2019, March 27). Elfin: Relentless Espionage Group Targets Multiple Organizations in Saudi Arabia and U.S.. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  31. Zykov, K. (2020, August 13). CactusPete APT group’s updated Bisonal backdoor. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
  32. Hawley et al. (2019, January 29). APT39: An Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Focused on Personal Information. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  33. Rusu, B. (2020, May 21). Iranian Chafer APT Targeted Air Transportation and Government in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  34. Higgins, K. (2019, January 30). Iran Ups its Traditional Cyber Espionage Tradecraft. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  35. Symantec. (2018, February 28). Chafer: Latest Attacks Reveal Heightened Ambitions. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  36. Lambert, T. (2020, May 7). Introducing Blue Mockingbird. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
  37. Positive Technologies. (2017, August 16). Cobalt Strikes Back: An Evolving Multinational Threat to Finance. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
  38. Positive Technologies. (2016, December 16). Cobalt Snatch. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
  39. Matveeva, V. (2017, August 15). Secrets of Cobalt. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  40. Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2017, June 27). BRONZE UNION Cyberespionage Persists Despite Disclosures. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  41. Pantazopoulos, N., Henry T. (2018, May 18). Emissary Panda – A potential new malicious tool. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
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  43. Chen, T. and Chen, Z. (2020, February 17). CLAMBLING - A New Backdoor Base On Dropbox. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  1. Global Threat Center, Intelligence Team. (2020, December). APT27 Turns to Ransomware. Retrieved November 12, 2021.
  2. Smallridge, R. (2018, March 10). APT15 is alive and strong: An analysis of RoyalCli and RoyalDNS. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  3. MSTIC. (2021, December 6). NICKEL targeting government organizations across Latin America and Europe. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  4. PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  5. Miller, S, et al. (2019, April 10). TRITON Actor TTP Profile, Custom Attack Tools, Detections, and ATT&CK Mapping. Retrieved April 16, 2019.
  6. Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, December 4). Sofacy APT hits high profile targets with updated toolset. Retrieved December 10, 2015.
  7. Mandiant. (n.d.). APT1 Exposing One of China’s Cyber Espionage Units. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  8. Ta, V., et al. (2022, August 8). FIN13: A Cybercriminal Threat Actor Focused on Mexico. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
  9. Mandiant. (2018). Mandiant M-Trends 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2018.
  10. Security Response Attack Investigation Team. (2018, June 19). Thrip: Espionage Group Hits Satellite, Telecoms, and Defense Companies. Retrieved July 10, 2018.
  11. MSTIC, DART, M365 Defender. (2022, March 24). DEV-0537 Criminal Actor Targeting Organizations for Data Exfiltration and Destruction. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
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  16. MSTIC. (2019, December 12). GALLIUM: Targeting global telecom. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
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  18. Lunghi, D. and Horejsi, J.. (2019, June 10). MuddyWater Resurfaces, Uses Multi-Stage Backdoor POWERSTATS V3 and New Post-Exploitation Tools. Retrieved May 14, 2020.
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