{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404861142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2310","title":"Level up your coding: a systematic review of personalized, cognitive, and gamified learning in programming education","display_name":"Level up your coding: a systematic review of personalized, cognitive, and gamified learning in programming education","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404861142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2310","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39650413"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"review","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2310","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028459427","display_name":"Kashif Ishaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-6771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Ishaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062530460","display_name":"Atif Alvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-1018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atif Alvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113190422","display_name":"Muhammad Ikram ul Haq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100043","display_name":"Superior University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yh88643","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ikram ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025201865","display_name":"Fadhilah Rosdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-1810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadhilah Rosdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114886504","display_name":"Abubakar Nazeer Choudhry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakar Nazeer Choudhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research, Innovation & Commercialization, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research, Innovation & Commercialization, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112597455","display_name":"Arslan Anjum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arslan Anjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022985909","display_name":"Fawad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-5928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87482320","display_name":"University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0095xcq10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawad Ali Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems and Technology, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87482320"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.698492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":79,"max":89},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"e2310","last_page":"e2310"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-learning","display_name":"Personalized Learning","score":0.5160239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.8292371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5733691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.54919463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.5160239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.4629202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.46154788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.4552426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3580218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31762797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.29465127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.27862835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51672120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303446","display_name":"Cooperative learning","level":3,"score":0.1539979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15234724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15122004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385756","display_name":"Open learning","level":4,"score":0.09774709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39650413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.82,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":144,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508287037","https://openalex.org/W1545574280","https://openalex.org/W1998933811","https://openalex.org/W2053171955","https://openalex.org/W2055000704","https://openalex.org/W2151491623","https://openalex.org/W2167240139","https://openalex.org/W2192257202","https://openalex.org/W2344871906","https://openalex.org/W2409789669","https://openalex.org/W242806660","https://openalex.org/W2470302206","https://openalex.org/W2559675875","https://openalex.org/W2559900109","https://openalex.org/W2582108250","https://openalex.org/W2597677314","https://openalex.org/W2617425278","https://openalex.org/W2622208228","https://openalex.org/W2626871388","https://openalex.org/W2734780126","https://openalex.org/W2743113800","https://openalex.org/W2748426627","https://openalex.org/W2763272764","https://openalex.org/W2765215088","https://openalex.org/W2769780037","https://openalex.org/W2770923182","https://openalex.org/W2771255355","https://openalex.org/W2775197016","https://openalex.org/W2777772899","https://openalex.org/W2780660966","https://openalex.org/W2785422774","https://openalex.org/W2786602620","https://openalex.org/W2788850485","https://openalex.org/W2789929496","https://openalex.org/W2800028494","https://openalex.org/W2809857212","https://openalex.org/W2888438995","https://openalex.org/W2888849778","https://openalex.org/W2893878321","https://openalex.org/W2895327445","https://openalex.org/W2898410668","https://openalex.org/W2898594406","https://openalex.org/W2900466149","https://openalex.org/W2900597265","https://openalex.org/W2901988312","https://openalex.org/W2905099817","https://openalex.org/W2909154517","https://openalex.org/W2909764361","https://openalex.org/W2912800104","https://openalex.org/W2915517260","https://openalex.org/W2915788728","https://openalex.org/W2921324832","https://openalex.org/W2921959245","https://openalex.org/W2936852611","https://openalex.org/W2943694967","https://openalex.org/W2945616015","https://openalex.org/W2947090253","https://openalex.org/W2953591848","https://openalex.org/W2955557862","https://openalex.org/W2963127762","https://openalex.org/W2966150097","https://openalex.org/W2971745749","https://openalex.org/W2971913636","https://openalex.org/W2972688734","https://openalex.org/W2973129006","https://openalex.org/W2979392864","https://openalex.org/W2981219729","https://openalex.org/W2981506736","https://openalex.org/W2982845604","https://openalex.org/W2992701435","https://openalex.org/W3000130654","https://openalex.org/W3008881722","https://openalex.org/W3021110554","https://openalex.org/W3034267728","https://openalex.org/W3037503587","https://openalex.org/W3037853333","https://openalex.org/W3039017546","https://openalex.org/W3041712829","https://openalex.org/W3048024242","https://openalex.org/W3053902459","https://openalex.org/W3087509691","https://openalex.org/W3089743078","https://openalex.org/W3090152186","https://openalex.org/W3092535006","https://openalex.org/W3093481345","https://openalex.org/W3111589545","https://openalex.org/W3118621887","https://openalex.org/W3135010934","https://openalex.org/W3160719985","https://openalex.org/W3161443358","https://openalex.org/W3167457636","https://openalex.org/W3190536530","https://openalex.org/W3194707362","https://openalex.org/W3204628112","https://openalex.org/W4200360450","https://openalex.org/W4210447011","https://openalex.org/W4214835101","https://openalex.org/W4220767842","https://openalex.org/W4220974427","https://openalex.org/W4224075207","https://openalex.org/W4226269879","https://openalex.org/W4241770918","https://openalex.org/W4241791326","https://openalex.org/W4243764188","https://openalex.org/W4285586795","https://openalex.org/W4293060971","https://openalex.org/W4312120365","https://openalex.org/W4313557601","https://openalex.org/W4314936766","https://openalex.org/W4317857036","https://openalex.org/W4320020685","https://openalex.org/W4322716240","https://openalex.org/W4327754774","https://openalex.org/W4367399956","https://openalex.org/W4375860473","https://openalex.org/W4375866229","https://openalex.org/W4376602823","https://openalex.org/W4377298394","https://openalex.org/W4384828498","https://openalex.org/W4384929804","https://openalex.org/W4385985389","https://openalex.org/W4386221177","https://openalex.org/W4386330211","https://openalex.org/W4387030612","https://openalex.org/W4387113944","https://openalex.org/W4387662752","https://openalex.org/W4387780533","https://openalex.org/W4389131459","https://openalex.org/W4389616131","https://openalex.org/W4390279997","https://openalex.org/W4390717223","https://openalex.org/W4390747498","https://openalex.org/W4390787754","https://openalex.org/W4391061837","https://openalex.org/W4391548908","https://openalex.org/W4391783012","https://openalex.org/W4392772072","https://openalex.org/W4392921709","https://openalex.org/W4393345767","https://openalex.org/W4395666193","https://openalex.org/W4400849177","https://openalex.org/W4401870146","https://openalex.org/W4402025905","https://openalex.org/W4402134924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385793885","https://openalex.org/W4372406133","https://openalex.org/W3164236313","https://openalex.org/W3126416214","https://openalex.org/W3110342943","https://openalex.org/W2383694","https://openalex.org/W2153073817","https://openalex.org/W2110554190","https://openalex.org/W2049979679","https://openalex.org/W2048219483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"courses":[1,25,123],"in":[2,43,121,167,177],"computer":[3,18],"science":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,57,67],"crucial":[7],"role":[8],"as":[9,13],"they":[10,34],"often":[11],"serve":[12],"students\u2019":[14],"initial":[15],"exposure":[16],"to":[17,28,36,49,69,81],"programming.":[19],"Many":[20],"university":[21,44],"students":[22,85],"find":[23],"introductory":[24],"overwhelming":[26],"due":[27],"the":[29,132,142,148,181],"vast":[30],"amount":[31],"of":[32,134,144,150,184],"information":[33],"need":[35],"grasp.":[37],"The":[38,111,170],"traditional":[39],"teacher-lecturer":[40],"model":[41],"used":[42],"lecture":[45],"halls":[46],"frequently":[47],"leads":[48],"low":[50],"motivation":[51],"and":[52,63,77,83,92,108,128,152,161,175,187],"student":[53,119],"participation.":[54],"Personalized":[55],"gamification,":[56],"pedagogical":[58],"approach":[59,73],"that":[60,114],"blends":[61],"gamification":[62,116,136,165,186],"personalized":[64,78,115,135,164,185],"learning,":[65],"offers":[66,157],"solution":[68],"this":[70],"challenge.":[71],"This":[72,155],"integrates":[74],"gaming":[75,145],"elements":[76,146],"learning":[79,90,129],"strategies":[80],"motivate":[82],"engage":[84],"while":[86],"addressing":[87],"their":[88],"individual":[89],"needs":[91],"differences.":[93],"A":[94],"comprehensive":[95],"literature":[96],"review":[97],"analyzes":[98],"101":[99],"studies":[100],"based":[101],"on":[102,138],"research":[103],"design,":[104],"intervention,":[105],"outcome":[106],"measures,":[107],"quality":[109],"assessment.":[110],"findings":[112,171],"suggest":[113],"can":[117],"enhance":[118],"cognition":[120],"programming":[122,168,178],"by":[124],"boosting":[125],"motivation,":[126],"engagement,":[127],"outcomes.":[130],"However,":[131],"effectiveness":[133],"depends":[137],"various":[139],"factors,":[140],"including":[141],"types":[143],"used,":[147],"level":[149],"personalization,":[151],"learner":[153],"characteristics.":[154],"article":[156],"insights":[158],"into":[159],"designing":[160],"implementing":[162],"effective":[163],"interventions":[166],"courses.":[169],"may":[172],"inform":[173],"educators":[174],"researchers":[176],"education":[179],"about":[180],"potential":[182],"benefits":[183],"its":[188],"implications":[189],"for":[190],"educational":[191],"practice.":[192]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4404861142","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-03-29T04:40:42.702117","created_date":"2024-11-30"}