{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1969470520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.21.57","title":"Zipf's Law in Image Coding Schemes","display_name":"Zipf's Law in Image Coding Schemes","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1969470520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.21.57","mag":"1969470520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.21.57","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110276602","display_name":"Michael Crosier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800173700","display_name":"UCL Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/024atcf19","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800173700"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. S. Crosier","raw_affiliation_strings":["University college London"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University college London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800173700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056135069","display_name":"Lewis D. Griffin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-2018"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. D. Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.177114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":88},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"57.1","last_page":"57.10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zipfs-law","display_name":"Zipf's law","score":0.97928774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125932096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205472","display_name":"Zipf's law","level":2,"score":0.97928774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.70528096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.6727179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.60131925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.54515326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.47459003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45916826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.4479765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42017412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40569636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38549393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3652358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3449469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3092659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2092796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.15551385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5244/c.21.57","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.55,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501344851","https://openalex.org/W1574818812","https://openalex.org/W1605433909","https://openalex.org/W1829102423","https://openalex.org/W1995720685","https://openalex.org/W2041258965","https://openalex.org/W2097337361","https://openalex.org/W2101933716","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2154422044","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2321470647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123832408","https://openalex.org/W2392206215","https://openalex.org/W2365201483","https://openalex.org/W2355561779","https://openalex.org/W2352407775","https://openalex.org/W2186567693","https://openalex.org/W2137719806","https://openalex.org/W2019786800","https://openalex.org/W173919563","https://openalex.org/W108701362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zipf\u2019s":[0,55,142],"Law":[1,56],"describes":[2],"a":[3,58,62,115],"power":[4],"law":[5],"between":[6,43,86],"the":[7,84,135,152,170],"frequency":[8,136],"and":[9,47,81,88,144],"rank":[10],"of":[11,61,95,114,118,129,138],"an":[12,35,41,93],"event":[13],"which":[14],"is":[15,57],"observed,":[16],"most":[17],"famously,":[18],"in":[19,22,121],"word":[20],"distributions":[21],"human":[23],"languages":[24],"[1];":[25],"where":[26],"it":[27,33],"has":[28],"been":[29],"argued":[30],"[2]":[31],"that":[32,52,69,146,159],"represents":[34],"optimally":[36],"efficient":[37],"communication":[38],"code.":[39],"From":[40],"analogy":[42,85],"image":[44,64],"coding":[45],"schemes":[46],"natural":[48],"language,":[49],"we":[50,90,148,157,164],"hypothesize":[51],"conforming":[53],"to":[54,105,177],"necessary":[59],"property":[60],"good":[63],"description":[65],"code,":[66],"i.e.":[67],"one":[68,113],"provides":[70],"optimal":[71,176],"local":[72],"descriptors":[73],"for":[74,160],"vision":[75],"tasks":[76],"such":[77],"as":[78,147],"object":[79],"categorization":[80],"recognition.":[82],"Following":[83],"images":[87],"documents,":[89],"have":[91],"developed":[92],"\u2018alphabet\u2019":[94],"Basic":[96],"Image":[97],"Features":[98],"(BIFs)":[99],"[3].":[100],"This":[101],"alphabet":[102],"allows":[103],"us":[104],"label":[106],"each":[107,110],"pixel,":[108],"at":[109,172],"scale,":[111],"with":[112],"small":[116],"number":[117],"letters.":[119],"\u2018Words\u2019":[120],"this":[122],"approach":[123],"are":[124],"then":[125],"fixed":[126],"square":[127],"patches":[128],"BIF":[130,139],"\u2018letters\u2019.":[131],"We":[132],"test":[133],"whether":[134],"statistics":[137],"words":[140],"obeys":[141],"law,":[143],"find":[145,158],"vary":[149],"certain":[150,161],"parameters":[151],"Zipfness":[153],"varies":[154],"systematically.":[155],"Remarkably,":[156],"parameter":[162],"settings":[163,174],"get":[165],"extremely":[166],"Zipf":[167],"behaviour.":[168],"Moreover":[169],"encoding":[171],"these":[173],"looks":[175],"eyeball":[178],"measure.":[179]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969470520","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2025-03-16T03:27:37.745657","created_date":"2016-06-24"}