{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391244582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.13218","title":"ULTRA: Unleash LLMs' Potential for Event Argument Extraction through Hierarchical Modeling and Pair-wise Refinement","display_name":"ULTRA: Unleash LLMs' Potential for Event Argument Extraction through Hierarchical Modeling and Pair-wise Refinement","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391244582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2401.13218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"preprint","type_crossref":"posted-content","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030706143","display_name":"Xinliang Frederick Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Xinliang Frederick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010741997","display_name":"Carter Blum","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blum, Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012554708","display_name":"Temma Choji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choji, Temma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041467219","display_name":"Shalin Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-1391"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shah, Shalin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036186714","display_name":"Alakananda Vempala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7127-6926"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vempala, Alakananda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.923668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":92,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.9855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.8810266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.8810266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.7133957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.68023336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5893247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5703503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.56147385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.53513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.116564095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.079286724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07609227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2401.13218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.13218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387718383","https://openalex.org/W4385572368","https://openalex.org/W3008380943","https://openalex.org/W2804199312","https://openalex.org/W2500746363","https://openalex.org/W2347954438","https://openalex.org/W2115206405","https://openalex.org/W2071460425","https://openalex.org/W2062799661","https://openalex.org/W1528986568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Structural":[0],"extraction":[1,22],"of":[2,14,27,33,64,124,158],"events":[3],"within":[4],"discourse":[5],"is":[6,30],"critical":[7],"since":[8],"it":[9,109],"avails":[10],"a":[11,41,83,125,129],"deeper":[12],"understanding":[13],"communication":[15],"patterns":[16],"and":[17,101,171],"behavior":[18],"trends.":[19],"Event":[20],"argument":[21,131,160],"(EAE),":[23],"at":[24],"the":[25,31,62,74,93,111,149,155,178],"core":[26],"event-centric":[28],"understanding,":[29],"task":[32],"identifying":[34],"role-specific":[35],"text":[36,122],"spans":[37],"(i.e.,":[38],"arguments)":[39],"for":[40,73],"given":[42],"event.":[43],"Document-level":[44],"EAE":[45],"(DocEAE)":[46],"focuses":[47],"on":[48],"arguments":[49,89],"that":[50,86],"are":[51],"scattered":[52],"across":[53],"an":[54,159],"entire":[55],"document.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58,78],"work,":[59],"we":[60,80],"explore":[61],"capabilities":[63],"open":[65],"source":[66],"Large":[67],"Language":[68],"Models":[69],"(LLMs),":[70],"i.e.,":[71],"Flan-UL2,":[72],"DocEAE":[75],"task.":[76],"To":[77],"end,":[79],"propose":[81],"ULTRA,":[82],"hierarchical":[84],"framework":[85],"extracts":[87],"event":[88],"more":[90],"cost-effectively":[91],"--":[92],"method":[94],"needs":[95],"as":[96,98],"few":[97],"50":[99],"annotations":[100],"doesn't":[102],"require":[103],"hitting":[104],"costly":[105],"API":[106],"endpoints.":[107],"Further,":[108],"alleviates":[110],"positional":[112],"bias":[113],"issue":[114],"intrinsic":[115],"to":[116,127,137,147],"LLMs.":[117],"ULTRA":[118,135,162],"first":[119],"sequentially":[120],"reads":[121],"chunks":[123],"document":[126],"generate":[128],"candidate":[130],"set,":[132],"upon":[133],"which":[134,166],"learns":[136],"drop":[138],"non-pertinent":[139],"candidates":[140],"through":[141],"self-refinement.":[142],"We":[143],"further":[144],"introduce":[145],"LEAFER":[146],"address":[148],"challenge":[150],"LLMs":[151],"face":[152],"in":[153],"locating":[154],"exact":[156,179],"boundary":[157],"span.":[161],"outperforms":[163],"strong":[164,168],"baselines,":[165],"include":[167],"supervised":[169],"models":[170],"ChatGPT,":[172],"by":[173,177],"9.8%":[174],"when":[175],"evaluated":[176],"match":[180],"(EM)":[181],"metric.":[182]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4391244582","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-01-21T08:05:23.665333","created_date":"2024-01-26"}