{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285594979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2207.07051","title":"Language models show human-like content effects on reasoning tasks","display_name":"Language models show human-like content effects on reasoning tasks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285594979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2207.07051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"preprint","type_crossref":"posted-content","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07051","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082293670","display_name":"Ishita Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-1404"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dasgupta, Ishita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030015839","display_name":"Andrew K. Lampinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-8437"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lampinen, Andrew K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101543629","display_name":"Stephanie C. Y. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-7832"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan, Stephanie C. Y.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009239144","display_name":"Antonia Creswell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1037-9395"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Creswell, Antonia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048551460","display_name":"Dharshan Kumaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-5264"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumaran, Dharshan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020224649","display_name":"James L. McClelland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8217-405X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McClelland, James L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010396788","display_name":"Felix Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6712-1718"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hill, Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999939,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-reasoning","display_name":"Logical reasoning","score":0.54184806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unicode","display_name":"Unicode","score":0.45904985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.64804053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.54184806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5182833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.51359534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.48335737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48108384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.46089262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500551929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8819","display_name":"Unicode","level":2,"score":0.45904985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4520051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4494318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.44905993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.44720072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36964233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920942","display_name":"Verbal reasoning","level":3,"score":0.44600853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4437019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3154091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.30628753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07051","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.07051","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2207.07051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.07051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.77}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249085767","https://openalex.org/W2920956788","https://openalex.org/W2531205399","https://openalex.org/W2358195740","https://openalex.org/W2355307047","https://openalex.org/W2311306072","https://openalex.org/W2154094973","https://openalex.org/W2072807458","https://openalex.org/W2070744040","https://openalex.org/W2008062989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"reasoning":[1,19,28,35,67,115],"is":[2,29,36],"a":[3,58,70,174],"key":[4],"ability":[5],"for":[6,207],"an":[7],"intelligent":[8],"system.":[9],"Large":[10],"language":[11,86,118,138,148,221],"models":[12,87,149,165],"(LMs)":[13],"achieve":[14],"above-chance":[15],"performance":[16],"on":[17],"abstract":[18,27],"tasks,":[20],"but":[21],"exhibit":[22],"many":[23,151],"imperfections.":[24],"However,":[25],"human":[26,34,80,96,200],"also":[30],"imperfect.":[31],"For":[32],"example,":[33],"affected":[37],"by":[38],"our":[39],"real-world":[40],"knowledge":[41,97],"and":[42,44,126,144,188,199,215],"beliefs,":[43],"shows":[45],"notable":[46],"\"content":[47],"effects\";":[48],"humans":[49,158],"reason":[50],"more":[51,167],"reliably":[52],"when":[53,169],"the":[54,61,76,121,127,135,147,153,170,177,193,216],"semantic":[55,171],"content":[56,101,172],"of":[57,79,95,124,134,152,173],"problem":[59],"supports":[60,176],"correct":[62],"logical":[63,106,114,122,178],"inferences.":[64,179],"These":[65,180],"content-entangled":[66],"patterns":[68,155],"play":[69],"central":[71],"role":[72],"in":[73,157,185,189,213],"debates":[74],"about":[75],"fundamental":[77],"nature":[78],"intelligence.":[81],"Here,":[82],"we":[83],"investigate":[84],"whether":[85],"$\\unicode{x2014}$":[88,98,162],"whose":[89],"prior":[90],"expectations":[91],"capture":[92],"some":[93],"aspects":[94],"similarly":[99],"mix":[100],"into":[102],"their":[103],"answers":[104],"to":[105,220],"problems.":[107],"We":[108,131],"explored":[109],"this":[110],"question":[111],"across":[112,159],"three":[113],"tasks:":[116],"natural":[117],"inference,":[119],"judging":[120],"validity":[123],"syllogisms,":[125],"Wason":[128],"selection":[129],"task.":[130],"evaluate":[132],"state":[133],"art":[136],"large":[137],"models,":[139],"as":[140,142],"well":[141],"humans,":[143,164,214],"find":[145],"that":[146,218],"reflect":[150],"same":[154],"observed":[156],"these":[160,210],"tasks":[161],"like":[163,192],"answer":[166,186,197],"accurately":[168],"task":[175],"parallels":[181],"are":[182],"reflected":[183],"both":[184,209],"patterns,":[187],"lower-level":[190],"features":[191],"relationship":[194],"between":[195],"model":[196,222],"distributions":[198],"response":[201],"times.":[202],"Our":[203],"findings":[204],"have":[205],"implications":[206],"understanding":[208],"cognitive":[211],"effects":[212],"factors":[217],"contribute":[219],"performance.":[223]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4285594979","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-15T02:08:03.771068","created_date":"2022-07-16"}