{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282982884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.06602","title":"Deep Isolation Forest for Anomaly Detection","display_name":"Deep Isolation Forest for Anomaly Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282982884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.06602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"preprint","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06602","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091676049","display_name":"Hongzuo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-1244"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Hongzuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039104219","display_name":"Guansong Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-2716"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pang, Guansong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429826","display_name":"Yijie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-4016"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yijie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424209","display_name":"Yongjun Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yongjun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.609064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":60,"max":70},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation","score":0.47056174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation","score":0.42278528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.74000007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6664423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.66096544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.60767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.5860558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.47056174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42278528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3887549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36460942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35280952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21858793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.08314362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06602","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.06602","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2206.06602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.06602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.59}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":["https://openalex.org/W4367016885"],"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4211228991","https://openalex.org/W2949110394","https://openalex.org/W2896134808","https://openalex.org/W2391321755","https://openalex.org/W2353790329","https://openalex.org/W2166810599","https://openalex.org/W2106235829","https://openalex.org/W2071055957","https://openalex.org/W1979504938","https://openalex.org/W1517085616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Isolation":[0],"forest":[1],"(iForest)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"emerging":[5],"as":[6],"arguably":[7],"the":[8,130,140,143],"most":[9],"popular":[10],"anomaly":[11,60],"detector":[12],"in":[13,38,47,90,142],"recent":[14],"years":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,35,45,62,68,113,128,148],"its":[18,28],"general":[19],"effectiveness":[20],"across":[21],"different":[22],"benchmarks":[23],"and":[24,51,163,180,186],"strong":[25],"scalability.":[26],"Nevertheless,":[27],"linear":[29,84],"axis-parallel":[30,123],"isolation":[31,99],"method":[32],"often":[33],"leads":[34],"(i)":[36],"failure":[37],"detecting":[39],"hard":[40],"anomalies":[41],"that":[42,56,107,170],"are":[43,76,125],"difficult":[44],"isolate":[46],"high-dimensional/non-linear-separable":[48],"data":[49,85,116,131,145],"space,":[50],"(ii)":[52],"notorious":[53],"algorithmic":[54],"bias":[55],"assigns":[57],"unexpectedly":[58],"lower":[59],"scores":[61],"artefact":[63],"regions.":[64],"These":[65],"issues":[66],"contribute":[67],"high":[69,137],"false":[70],"negative":[71],"errors.":[72],"Several":[73],"iForest":[74],"extensions":[75],"introduced,":[77],"but":[78],"they":[79],"essentially":[80],"still":[81],"employ":[82],"shallow,":[83],"partition,":[86],"restricting":[87],"their":[88],"power":[89],"isolating":[91],"true":[92],"anomalies.":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"this":[95],"paper":[96],"proposes":[97],"deep":[98,181],"forest.":[100],"We":[101],"introduce":[102],"a":[103,157],"new":[104],"representation":[105,119,134],"scheme":[106,135],"utilises":[108],"casually":[109],"initialised":[110],"neural":[111],"networks":[112],"map":[114],"original":[115,144],"into":[117],"random":[118,122,161,164],"ensembles,":[120],"where":[121],"cuts":[124],"subsequently":[126],"applied":[127],"perform":[129],"partition.":[132],"This":[133],"facilitates":[136],"freedom":[138],"of":[139,153],"partition":[141,150],"space":[146],"(equivalent":[147],"non-linear":[149],"on":[151,183],"subspaces":[152],"varying":[154],"sizes),":[155],"encouraging":[156],"unique":[158],"synergy":[159],"between":[160],"representations":[162],"partition-based":[165],"isolation.":[166],"Extensive":[167],"experiments":[168],"show":[169],"our":[171,190],"model":[172,191],"achieves":[173],"significant":[174],"improvement":[175],"over":[176],"state-of-the-art":[177],"isolation-based":[178],"methods":[179],"detectors":[182],"tabular,":[184],"graph":[185],"time":[187],"series":[188],"datasets;":[189],"also":[192],"inherits":[193],"desired":[194],"scalability":[195],"from":[196],"iForest.":[197]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4282982884","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-20T07:48:17.014738","created_date":"2022-06-17"}