{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000949152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcps.2019070104","title":"An Image Processing and Machine Learning Approach for Early Detection of Diseased Leaves","display_name":"An Image Processing and Machine Learning Approach for Early Detection of Diseased Leaves","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000949152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcps.2019070104","mag":"3000949152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcps.2019070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231221","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2577-4867","issn":["2577-4867","2577-4875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112507211","display_name":"Sowmya B.J.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I302410947","display_name":"M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02anh8x74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I302410947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Sowmya B.J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I302410947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075841991","display_name":"Chetan Shetty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I302410947","display_name":"M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02anh8x74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I302410947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetan Shetty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I302410947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110218586","display_name":"S. Seema","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I302410947","display_name":"M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02anh8x74","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I302410947"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Seema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I302410947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110852439","display_name":"Srinivasa K.G.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094717","display_name":"National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rpc7w94","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094717"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"None Srinivasa K.G.","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094717"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":61},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"56","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9801,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.62735546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.610675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.60641676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49247798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.48736268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47857928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4755808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4102391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.39214337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2656473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24654949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20349029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14768395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcps.2019070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210231221","display_name":"International Journal of Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2577-4867","issn":["2577-4867","2577-4875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580674287","https://openalex.org/W1810953768","https://openalex.org/W1963825124","https://openalex.org/W1968378357","https://openalex.org/W1998078445","https://openalex.org/W2014408679","https://openalex.org/W2031417098","https://openalex.org/W2035238564","https://openalex.org/W2071813735","https://openalex.org/W2076758709","https://openalex.org/W2078181494","https://openalex.org/W2096069856","https://openalex.org/W2100631314","https://openalex.org/W2102115819","https://openalex.org/W2107311958","https://openalex.org/W2113404857","https://openalex.org/W2117793557","https://openalex.org/W2124075590","https://openalex.org/W2127386471","https://openalex.org/W2131702609","https://openalex.org/W2148883270","https://openalex.org/W2164237185","https://openalex.org/W2167828202","https://openalex.org/W2319902369","https://openalex.org/W2326234583","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2528907500","https://openalex.org/W2536452926","https://openalex.org/W2545590207","https://openalex.org/W2548258044","https://openalex.org/W2902672843","https://openalex.org/W4243154030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2530420969","https://openalex.org/W2355956201","https://openalex.org/W2104657898","https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W2051187167","https://openalex.org/W1980100242","https://openalex.org/W1948992892","https://openalex.org/W1910826599","https://openalex.org/W1886884218","https://openalex.org/W148178222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"India":[0,221],"is":[1,198,223,255],"largely":[2],"an":[3],"agriculture":[4,58,164],"dependent":[5],"country.":[6],"It":[7,202],"contributes":[8],"to":[9,32,42,107,121,134,225,239],"almost":[10],"17%":[11],"of":[12,18,35,56,67,76,113,147,160,167,174,185,196,217,228,268],"the":[13,23,29,51,57,77,87,103,109,114,129,145,148,158,172,194,206,215,242],"GDP.":[14],"A":[15],"wide":[16],"range":[17],"crops":[19,69],"are":[20,38,60],"grown":[21],"throughout":[22],"year.":[24],"Extensive":[25],"cultivation":[26],"also":[27,143,170],"makes":[28],"plants":[30,81],"prone":[31,224],"a":[33,83,122,138,183,199,226,245,252],"lot":[34,184,253],"diseases.":[36],"There":[37],"no":[39],"efficient":[40],"methods":[41],"detect":[43],"these":[44,180],"diseases":[45,78,156,181,197,229,269],"from":[46],"its":[47],"outset.":[48],"People":[49],"in":[50,63,163,220],"rural":[52],"areas":[53],"where":[54,65],"most":[55,66],"happens":[59],"totally":[61],"helpless":[62],"situations":[64],"their":[68],"have":[70],"been":[71],"affected":[72,136],"by":[73,137,231],"disease.":[74,115,140],"Most":[75],"that":[79],"plague":[80],"leave":[82],"characteristic":[84],"feature":[85,98],"on":[86],"leaf.":[88],"By":[89],"applying":[90],"image":[91,95,191,259],"processing":[92,192,260],"techniques":[93],"like":[94,124],"enhancement":[96],"and":[97,111,176,187,235,261],"extraction":[99],"one":[100],"can":[101,131,142],"extract":[102],"required":[104,106],"information":[105,118],"analyze":[108],"type":[110],"severity":[112],"The":[116],"obtained":[117],"when":[119],"fed":[120],"classifier":[123],"support":[125],"vector":[126],"machine":[127],"(SVM),":[128],"plant":[130],"be":[132,135,211],"classified":[133],"certain":[139],"One":[141],"determine":[144],"stage":[146],"disease":[149,241],"(infant":[150],"or":[151,153],"mid":[152],"terminal).":[154],"Crop":[155],"impact":[157],"livelihood":[159],"those":[161],"involved":[162],"immensely.":[165],"Consumption":[166],"such":[168],"produce":[169],"affects":[171],"health":[173],"humans":[175],"animals.":[177],"Manually":[178],"monitoring":[179],"requires":[182],"time":[186],"expertise.":[188],"Hence,":[189],"utilizing":[190],"for":[193,265],"detection":[195,267],"better":[200],"option.":[201],"takes":[203],"into":[204],"consideration":[205],"features":[207],"which":[208,222],"may":[209],"not":[210],"determined":[212],"visually.":[213],"Consider":[214],"example":[216],"tomato":[218],"crop":[219],"number":[227],"caused":[230],"pathogens,":[232],"bacteria,":[233],"viruses,":[234],"phytoplasmas-like":[236],"organisms.":[237],"Due":[238],"this":[240,250],"framers":[243],"incur":[244],"huge":[246],"loss.":[247],"To":[248],"overcome":[249],"problem":[251],"research":[254],"being":[256],"conducted":[257],"using":[258,270],"neural":[262],"network":[263],"model":[264],"automatic":[266],"drone":[271],"technology.":[272]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3000949152","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-01-20T10:36:07.087876","created_date":"2020-01-30"}