{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385346926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156730","title":"A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on a Residual Network and a Gated Recurrent Unit under Time-Varying Working Conditions","display_name":"A Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on a Residual Network and a Gated Recurrent Unit under Time-Varying Working Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385346926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156730","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571514"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156730","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6730/pdf?version=1690461494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6730/pdf?version=1690461494","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693007","display_name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102026552","display_name":"Xiaoyang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1772-8631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410618","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3217-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053340108","display_name":"Zhongyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1360-2492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103286490","display_name":"Yuting Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7442-298X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676632","display_name":"Zhidong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-6725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhidong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779767","display_name":"Yuxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0176-7620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44445938","display_name":"Shandong Jianzhu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gbfax37","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100693007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44445938"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.672,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.506291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":77,"max":82},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"15","first_page":"6730","last_page":"6730"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13213","display_name":"Mechanical Failure Analysis and Simulation","score":0.9636,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.71829575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6657954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6438736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.56729436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.5377688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.5082061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45035678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4165885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3919306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3698866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3234431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25479227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.084278345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156730","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6730/pdf?version=1690461494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10422522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37571514","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156730","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/15/6730/pdf?version=1690461494","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972904341","https://openalex.org/W1986397312","https://openalex.org/W1989339181","https://openalex.org/W2003133521","https://openalex.org/W2022243308","https://openalex.org/W2068987082","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2131774270","https://openalex.org/W2149854044","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2195063230","https://openalex.org/W2219903032","https://openalex.org/W2532759528","https://openalex.org/W2801457104","https://openalex.org/W2898760173","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2987480074","https://openalex.org/W3013715907","https://openalex.org/W3024143642","https://openalex.org/W3037060082","https://openalex.org/W3145770415","https://openalex.org/W3184578020","https://openalex.org/W3188482078","https://openalex.org/W3215145458","https://openalex.org/W4285143930","https://openalex.org/W4312537998","https://openalex.org/W4313006723","https://openalex.org/W4366165299","https://openalex.org/W4375854801","https://openalex.org/W4376287928","https://openalex.org/W4377288880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308749380","https://openalex.org/W4308448008","https://openalex.org/W2746368218","https://openalex.org/W2610947892","https://openalex.org/W2372481764","https://openalex.org/W2347371661","https://openalex.org/W2287286086","https://openalex.org/W2037841693","https://openalex.org/W2012943989","https://openalex.org/W1977264433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"diagnosis":[1,32,53,93,154,196],"of":[2,13,22,40,45,148,169,176],"bearing":[3,30,194],"faults":[4],"is":[5,26,68],"an":[6,69],"important":[7],"guarantee":[8],"for":[9,91],"the":[10,18,38,41,65,113,130,133,139,146,167,170,174,180],"healthy":[11],"operation":[12],"mechanical":[14,23],"equipment.":[15],"Due":[16],"to":[17,28,52,72,128,165],"time-varying":[19,34,95,157],"working":[20,35,43,158],"conditions":[21,44,97],"equipment,":[24],"it":[25],"necessary":[27],"achieve":[29,151],"fault":[31,92,153,195],"under":[33,94,156],"conditions.":[36,159],"However,":[37],"superposition":[39],"two-dimensional":[42],"speed":[46],"and":[47,105,117,150,172],"acceleration":[48,149],"brings":[49],"great":[50],"difficulties":[51],"via":[54],"data-driven":[55],"models.":[56],"long":[58],"short-term":[59],"memory":[60],"(LSTM)":[61],"model":[62,90,103,143],"based":[63],"on":[64],"infinitesimal":[66],"method":[67,71,186],"effective":[70],"solve":[73],"this":[74,84,86,185],"problem,":[75],"but":[76],"its":[77],"performance":[78,190],"still":[79],"has":[80],"certain":[81],"limitations.":[82],"On":[83],"basis,":[85],"article":[87],"proposes":[88],"a":[89,100,106,188],"operating":[96],"that":[98,184],"combines":[99],"residual":[101],"network":[102],"(ResNet)":[104],"gate":[107],"recurrent":[108],"unit":[109],"(model)":[110],"(GRU).":[111],"Firstly,":[112],"samples":[114],"were":[115,136],"segmented,":[116],"feature":[118],"extraction":[119],"was":[120],"performed":[121],"using":[122],"ResNet.":[123],"We":[124],"then":[125],"used":[126,163],"GRU":[127],"process":[129],"information.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"classification":[134],"results":[135],"output":[137,140],"through":[138],"network.":[141],"This":[142],"could":[144],"ignore":[145],"influence":[147],"high":[152],"accuracy":[155],"In":[160],"addition,":[161],"we":[162],"t-SNE":[164],"reduce":[166],"dimensionality":[168],"features":[171],"analyzed":[173],"role":[175],"each":[177],"layer":[178],"in":[179],"model.":[181],"Experiments":[182],"showed":[183],"had":[187],"better":[189],"compared":[191],"with":[192],"existing":[193],"methods.":[197]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4385346926","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-03-23T20:27:28.865613","created_date":"2023-07-29"}