{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214763235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051835","title":"Aurora-Trinity: A Super-Light Client for Distributed Ledger Networks Extending the Ethereum Trinity Client","display_name":"Aurora-Trinity: A Super-Light Client for Distributed Ledger Networks Extending the Ethereum Trinity Client","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214763235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051835","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1835/pdf?version=1646045014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1835/pdf?version=1646045014","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039518469","display_name":"Federico Matteo Ben\u010di\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-0498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Federico Matteo Ben\u010di\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023539107","display_name":"Ivana Podnar \u017darko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-2142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","display_name":"University of Zagreb","ror":"https://ror.org/00mv6sv71","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Podnar \u017darko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039518469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.391,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":60,"max":70},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"1835","last_page":"1835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9714,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.693155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.6742918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.61229265}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7865797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.693155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.6742918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.61229265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5926291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5137366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.46251857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.43478823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3828084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38003832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24737436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.103580415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000081186","descriptor_name":"Blockchain","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1835/pdf?version=1646045014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6cf65904f9b4c87a90de20c6c02e747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8914799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35270981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s22051835","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/1835/pdf?version=1646045014","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320322674","funder_display_name":"Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost","award_id":"IP-2019-04-1986"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027586790","https://openalex.org/W2036276924","https://openalex.org/W2119245106","https://openalex.org/W2128672542","https://openalex.org/W2152955531","https://openalex.org/W2171957559","https://openalex.org/W2289689155","https://openalex.org/W2611050176","https://openalex.org/W2782145625","https://openalex.org/W2790475315","https://openalex.org/W2794657757","https://openalex.org/W2947356748","https://openalex.org/W2955356875","https://openalex.org/W2963627345","https://openalex.org/W2969915801","https://openalex.org/W2971532963","https://openalex.org/W2984839651","https://openalex.org/W2996870821","https://openalex.org/W2998273715","https://openalex.org/W3009153228","https://openalex.org/W3016194986","https://openalex.org/W3028947196","https://openalex.org/W3042319774","https://openalex.org/W3046727557","https://openalex.org/W3110843115","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4250689432"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W4250942514","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W3160375675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0,46],"clients":[1,47,82],"for":[2,40,131],"distributed":[3,114],"ledger":[4,115,159],"networks":[5,116],"can":[6,172],"verify":[7],"blockchain":[8,14],"integrity":[9],"by":[10,88],"downloading":[11,161],"and":[12,29,43,52,120,124,177,190],"analyzing":[13],"headers.":[15],"They":[16],"are":[17,38],"designed":[18],"to":[19,60,71,142,150],"circumvent":[20],"the":[21,26,85,97,106,144,152,158,162,166,181],"high":[22],"resource":[23],"requirements,":[24],"i.e.,":[25],"large":[27],"bandwidth":[28],"memory":[30],"requirements":[31],"that":[32,83],"full":[33,50],"nodes":[34,51,112],"must":[35],"meet,":[36],"which":[37,95],"unsuitable":[39],"consumer-grade":[41,175],"hardware":[42,176],"resource-constrained":[44,178],"devices.":[45],"rely":[48],"on":[49,90,174],"trust":[53],"them":[54,58],"implicitly.":[55],"This":[56],"leaves":[57],"vulnerable":[59],"various":[61],"types":[62],"of":[63,80,108,154,188,193],"attacks,":[64],"ranging":[65],"from":[66],"accepting":[67],"maliciously":[68],"forged":[69],"data":[70],"Eclipse":[72],"attacks.":[73],"We":[74],"introduce":[75],"Aurora-Trinity,":[76],"a":[77,118],"novel":[78],"version":[79],"light":[81],"addresses":[84],"above-mentioned":[86],"vulnerability":[87],"relying":[89],"our":[91],"original":[92],"Aurora":[93,102,182],"module,":[94],"extends":[96],"Ethereum":[98],"Trinity":[99],"client.":[100],"The":[101,136],"module":[103,183],"efficiently":[104],"discovers":[105],"presence":[107],"malicious":[109],"or":[110,133,149],"Byzantine":[111],"in":[113,157],"with":[117],"predefined":[119],"acceptable":[121],"error":[122],"rate":[123],"identifies":[125],"at":[126,195],"least":[127],"one":[128],"honest":[129,138],"node":[130,139],"persistent":[132],"ephemeral":[134],"communication.":[135],"identified":[137],"is":[140],"used":[141],"detect":[143],"latest":[145],"canonical":[146],"chain":[147],"head":[148],"infer":[151],"state":[153],"an":[155],"entry":[156],"without":[160],"header":[163],"chain,":[164],"making":[165],"Aurora-Trinity":[167],"client":[168],"extremely":[169],"efficient.":[170],"It":[171],"run":[173],"devices,":[179],"as":[180],"consumes":[184],"about":[185],"0.31":[186],"MB":[187,192],"RAM":[189],"1":[191],"storage":[194],"runtime.":[196]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4214763235","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-15T22:25:13.800271","created_date":"2022-03-02"}