{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204667605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196661","title":"Fuzzy Overclustering: Semi-Supervised Classification of Fuzzy Labels with Overclustering and Inverse Cross-Entropy","display_name":"Fuzzy Overclustering: Semi-Supervised Classification of Fuzzy Labels with Overclustering and Inverse Cross-Entropy","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204667605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196661","mag":"3204667605","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34640981","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8512301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/19/6661/pdf?version=1633936695","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/19/6661/pdf?version=1633936695","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022955518","display_name":"Lars Schmarje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-5957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Schmarje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022128365","display_name":"Johannes Br\u00fcnger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-145X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Br\u00fcnger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074395199","display_name":"Monty Santarossa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-1367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monty Santarossa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067670733","display_name":"Simon-Martin Schr\u00f6der","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-9907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon-Martin Schr\u00f6der","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059058911","display_name":"Rainer Kiko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-9107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158228","display_name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie de Villefranche","ror":"https://ror.org/05r5y6641","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210148025","https://openalex.org/I4210158228"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rainer Kiko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158228","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040944275","display_name":"Reinhard Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-1569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Information Processing Group, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.776,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999914,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":88},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"19","first_page":"6661","last_page":"6661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised Learning","score":0.43750924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.685895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.67882866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6239944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.55167824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.43750924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38982415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.20713326}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":"","qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/19/6661/pdf?version=1633936695","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03379812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f46ca07e0a63421bb7a7eec7f858b666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01768","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01768","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.06630","pdf_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.06630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03379812/file/sensors-21-06661-v2.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03379812/file/sensors-21-06661-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:8:3-2021-00808-0","pdf_url":"https://macau.uni-kiel.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/macau_derivate_00003248/sensors-21-06661-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196482","display_name":"MACAU (Kiel University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","host_organization_name":"Kiel University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kiel University"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.06630","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.06630","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cornell University"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34640981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.2012.01768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393179698","display_name":"DataCite API","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145204","host_organization_name":"DataCite","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145204"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["DataCite"],"type":"metadata"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/19/6661/pdf?version=1633936695","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.62,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":["https://openalex.org/W3204667605","https://openalex.org/W3206036858"],"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901492489","https://openalex.org/W2005912592","https://openalex.org/W2008916616","https://openalex.org/W2094409342","https://openalex.org/W2095075148","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2145494108","https://openalex.org/W2148347694","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2293363371","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2321533354","https://openalex.org/W2330485005","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2401398004","https://openalex.org/W2530816535","https://openalex.org/W2553156677","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2757797735","https://openalex.org/W2779692282","https://openalex.org/W2785325870","https://openalex.org/W2788552663","https://openalex.org/W2791302361","https://openalex.org/W2794838768","https://openalex.org/W2883725317","https://openalex.org/W2886281300","https://openalex.org/W2901436880","https://openalex.org/W2913939497","https://openalex.org/W2941857669","https://openalex.org/W2950180292","https://openalex.org/W2951970475","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2962369866","https://openalex.org/W2963012093","https://openalex.org/W2963400281","https://openalex.org/W2963465221","https://openalex.org/W2964159205","https://openalex.org/W2970395771","https://openalex.org/W2978426779","https://openalex.org/W2978639826","https://openalex.org/W2981952041","https://openalex.org/W2982445058","https://openalex.org/W2985468578","https://openalex.org/W2990500698","https://openalex.org/W2990721113","https://openalex.org/W2995624272","https://openalex.org/W2996060033","https://openalex.org/W2996108195","https://openalex.org/W2996501936","https://openalex.org/W3001197829","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3006924828","https://openalex.org/W3008307945","https://openalex.org/W3030938069","https://openalex.org/W3036586801","https://openalex.org/W3042609801","https://openalex.org/W3099570996","https://openalex.org/W3101752750","https://openalex.org/W3104004733","https://openalex.org/W3105616927","https://openalex.org/W3106031848","https://openalex.org/W3106306218","https://openalex.org/W3108655343","https://openalex.org/W3110446398","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3136604105","https://openalex.org/W3137631935","https://openalex.org/W3159207138","https://openalex.org/W3171229070","https://openalex.org/W4220873157","https://openalex.org/W4225917270","https://openalex.org/W4245973528","https://openalex.org/W4287716221","https://openalex.org/W4288020585","https://openalex.org/W4288095202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4283697347","https://openalex.org/W4210805261","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W2961085424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"long-standing":[1],"issue":[2],"with":[3],"deep":[4],"learning":[5,21],"is":[6,83,121],"the":[7,16,24,52,86,104,113,138],"need":[8],"for":[9,73,142],"large":[10],"and":[11,48,110,123,145],"consistently":[12],"labeled":[13],"datasets.":[14],"Although":[15],"current":[17],"research":[18,41],"in":[19,51,93],"semi-supervised":[20,75],"can":[22],"decrease":[23],"required":[25],"amount":[26],"of":[27,33,40,77,88,107,140,163],"annotated":[28],"data":[29],"by":[30],"a":[31,70,99,132],"factor":[32],"10":[34],"or":[35],"even":[36],"more,":[37],"this":[38],"line":[39],"still":[42],"uses":[43],"distinct":[44],"classes":[45],"like":[46],"cats":[47],"dogs.":[49],"However,":[50],"real-world":[53,133],"we":[54,136,148,155],"often":[55],"encounter":[56],"problems":[57],"where":[58],"different":[59,62],"experts":[60],"have":[61],"opinions,":[63],"thus":[64],"producing":[65],"fuzzy":[66,79,95,143],"labels.":[67,80,96],"We":[68,97],"propose":[69,98],"novel":[71,100],"framework":[72,82,109],"handling":[74],"classifications":[76],"such":[78],"Our":[81],"based":[84],"on":[85,112],"idea":[87],"overclustering":[89,105,126,141],"to":[90,102,158],"detect":[91],"substructures":[92],"these":[94],"loss":[101],"improve":[103],"capability":[106],"our":[108],"show":[111,146],"common":[114],"image":[115],"classification":[116],"dataset":[117],"STL-10":[118],"that":[119,147],"it":[120],"faster":[122],"has":[124],"better":[125],"performance":[127],"than":[128],"previous":[129,150],"work.":[130],"On":[131],"plankton":[134],"dataset,":[135],"illustrate":[137],"benefit":[139],"labels":[144],"beat":[149],"state-of-the-art":[151],"semisupervised":[152],"methods.":[153],"Moreover,":[154],"acquire":[156],"5":[157],"10%":[159],"more":[160],"consistent":[161],"predictions":[162],"substructures.":[164]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3204667605","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-08T19:12:21.234617","created_date":"2021-10-11"}