{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944616511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","title":"Study on an Online Detection Method for Ground Water Quality and Instrument Design","display_name":"Study on an Online Detection Method for Ground Water Quality and Instrument Design","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944616511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","mag":"2944616511","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075925","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6539808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023186607","display_name":"Xiushan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-9760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160030","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg5b632","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiushan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022980820","display_name":"Renyuan Tong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renyuan Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738100","display_name":"Yanjie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-7901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072890050","display_name":"Congli Mei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3245-7673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160030","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Water Resource and Electric Power","ror":"https://ror.org/04dg5b632","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congli Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734609","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-473X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55538621","display_name":"China Jiliang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v1y0t93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100734609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55538621"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.619,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.885443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"9","first_page":"2153","last_page":"2153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9965,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbidity","display_name":"Turbidity","score":0.93914616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64016661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898574","display_name":"Turbidity","level":2,"score":0.93914616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5975345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.5867761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188287460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555857","display_name":"Chemical oxygen demand","level":3,"score":0.5260389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.43430665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4212063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.35650444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3385707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20477405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.10265303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07508117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6680fdfc919e485faa16e8c0bbae4ef0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6539808","pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6539808?pdf=render","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Bioinformatics Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6539808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31075925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s19092153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/9/2153/pdf?version=1557400461","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.73}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1475682694","https://openalex.org/W1988243034","https://openalex.org/W1990557786","https://openalex.org/W1992840757","https://openalex.org/W2000311593","https://openalex.org/W2003978033","https://openalex.org/W2005109349","https://openalex.org/W2006072531","https://openalex.org/W2019980955","https://openalex.org/W2021067599","https://openalex.org/W2024999871","https://openalex.org/W2030743756","https://openalex.org/W2030807648","https://openalex.org/W2050998616","https://openalex.org/W2051896754","https://openalex.org/W2052006123","https://openalex.org/W2067344948","https://openalex.org/W2068278411","https://openalex.org/W2068954992","https://openalex.org/W2110613883","https://openalex.org/W2111857237","https://openalex.org/W2161374547","https://openalex.org/W2164303307","https://openalex.org/W2319741443","https://openalex.org/W2342370091","https://openalex.org/W2595614338","https://openalex.org/W2613873038","https://openalex.org/W2768962491","https://openalex.org/W2783273813","https://openalex.org/W2807704002","https://openalex.org/W2916749136","https://openalex.org/W323637446","https://openalex.org/W4251571257","https://openalex.org/W608013677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4360922838","https://openalex.org/W4239095282","https://openalex.org/W3018395630","https://openalex.org/W2936713214","https://openalex.org/W2911390280","https://openalex.org/W2607474063","https://openalex.org/W2392578240","https://openalex.org/W2356755667","https://openalex.org/W2048918982","https://openalex.org/W156384333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,132],"online":[1,44,167,200],"measurement":[2,45,112,136,201],"of":[3,11,74,90,134,160,170,177,188,202],"ground":[4,54,141,203],"water":[5,12,19,33,55,142,165,204],"quality,":[6],"as":[7],"one":[8],"important":[9],"area":[10],"resource":[13,34],"protection,":[14],"can":[15],"provide":[16],"real-time":[17],"measured":[18],"quality":[20,56,166],"parameters":[21,57],"and":[22,49,69,77,92,96,114,146,172,180],"send":[23],"out":[24],"warning":[25],"information":[26],"in":[27,84],"a":[28,42,97,115,135],"timely":[29],"manner":[30],"when":[31],"the":[32,53,78,86,110,140,150,157,173,196,199],"is":[35,47,94,100,106,118,148,190],"polluted.":[36],"Based":[37],"on":[38],"ultraviolet":[39],"(UV)":[40],"spectrophotometry,":[41],"remote":[43],"method":[46,81],"proposed":[48,107],"used":[50],"to":[51,108,126,138,156],"measure":[52],"chemical":[58],"oxygen":[59],"demand":[60],"(COD),":[61],"total":[62],"organic":[63],"carbon":[64],"(TOC),":[65],"nitrate":[66],"nitrogen":[67],"(NO3\u2013N),":[68],"turbidity":[70,121],"(TURB).":[71],"principle":[73],"UV":[75],"spectrophotometry":[76],"data":[79],"processing":[80],"are":[82,153,182],"discussed":[83],"detail,":[85],"correlated":[87],"mathematical":[88,104],"modeling":[89,105],"COD":[91,111],"TOC":[93],"given,":[95],"confirmatory":[98,116],"experiment":[99,117],"carried":[101],"out.":[102],"Turbidity-compensated":[103],"improve":[109],"accuracy":[113],"finished":[119],"with":[120],"that":[122,187],"ranges":[123],"from":[124],"0":[125],"100":[127],"NTU":[128],"(Nephelometric":[129],"Turbidity":[130],"Unit).":[131],"development":[133],"instrument":[137],"detect":[139],"COD,":[143,178],"TOC,":[144,179],"NO3\u2013N,":[145],"TURB":[147,189],"accomplished;":[149],"test":[151],"experiments":[152],"completed":[154],"according":[155],"standard":[158],"specification":[159],"China\u2019s":[161],"technical":[162],"requirement":[163],"for":[164,198],"automatic":[168],"monitoring":[169],"UV,":[171],"absolute":[174],"measuring":[175],"errors":[176],"NO3\u2013N":[181],"smaller":[183,191],"than":[184,192],"5.0%,":[185],"while":[186],"5.4%,":[193],"which":[194],"meets":[195],"requirements":[197],"quality.":[205]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2944616511","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-03-26T20:40:02.989447","created_date":"2019-05-16"}