{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2607457196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040841","title":"Wireless Fractal Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks","display_name":"Wireless Fractal Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2607457196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040841","mag":"2607457196","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28417927","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5424718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040841","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/841/pdf?version=1491999705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/841/pdf?version=1491999705","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040872496","display_name":"Yixue Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-2522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixue Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337209","display_name":"Min Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0960-4447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101909898","display_name":"Long Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6496-6793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050374376","display_name":"Jeungeun Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeungeun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018163632","display_name":"Mojca Volk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojca Volk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljan, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljan, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022207764","display_name":"Iztok Humar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-3500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iztok Humar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljan, Slovenia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, SI-1000 Ljubljan, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100337209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":1.806,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"841","last_page":"841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.6725325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-cell","display_name":"Small cell","score":0.6373542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.48793432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.46052605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.70840883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.70633173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.6725325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6406497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179655311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7543020","display_name":"Small cell","level":3,"score":0.6373542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.62802875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5973033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5837902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5085858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.48793432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.48683804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.46052605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.45137703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27819379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17166031","display_name":"Stochastic geometry models of wireless networks","level":5,"score":0.44032213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.42977455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.42073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.41662258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36723262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33287138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.18399921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16405436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15071255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11258477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.078388125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040841","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/841/pdf?version=1491999705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5424718","pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5424718?pdf=render","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Bioinformatics Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/bib/11929172","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/841/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196268","display_name":"Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","host_organization_name":"University of Ljubljana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Ljubljana"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=148345&dn=","pdf_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?id=148345&dn=","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196268","display_name":"Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","host_organization_name":"University of Ljubljana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Ljubljana"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?id=131094","pdf_url":"https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=148345&dn=","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196268","display_name":"Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","host_organization_name":"University of Ljubljana","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Ljubljana"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5424718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28417927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s17040841","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/4/841/pdf?version=1491999705","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.79}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award_id":"61572220"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033997353","https://openalex.org/W2036284383","https://openalex.org/W2042210493","https://openalex.org/W2054355935","https://openalex.org/W2058800394","https://openalex.org/W2092573811","https://openalex.org/W2134686390","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2167688066","https://openalex.org/W2172945145","https://openalex.org/W2219087361","https://openalex.org/W2313528934","https://openalex.org/W2330246863","https://openalex.org/W2380127447","https://openalex.org/W2465774274","https://openalex.org/W2469579026","https://openalex.org/W2522370912","https://openalex.org/W2536963233","https://openalex.org/W2565183931","https://openalex.org/W2565358069","https://openalex.org/W2576857800","https://openalex.org/W2598898897","https://openalex.org/W2894310146","https://openalex.org/W3101570866"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4291377066","https://openalex.org/W4229001419","https://openalex.org/W3171924413","https://openalex.org/W2949445086","https://openalex.org/W2540877582","https://openalex.org/W2228745896","https://openalex.org/W2020749775","https://openalex.org/W1985655499","https://openalex.org/W1964137838","https://openalex.org/W1533983785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,21,29,47,82,102,155],"ever-growing":[2],"number":[3],"of":[4,49,65,78,85,105,117],"mobile":[5,13,35],"devices,":[6],"there":[7],"is":[8,43,128],"an":[9,106,148],"explosive":[10],"expansion":[11],"in":[12,97,154],"data":[14],"services.":[15],"This":[16],"represents":[17],"a":[18,50,70,92],"challenge":[19],"for":[20],"traditional":[22,93],"cellular":[23],"network":[24,110],"architecture":[25],"to":[26,57,69],"cope":[27],"with":[28],"massive":[30],"wireless":[31],"traffic":[32],"generated":[33],"by":[34],"media":[36],"applications.":[37],"To":[38],"meet":[39],"this":[40,98],"challenge,":[41],"research":[42],"currently":[44],"focused":[45],"on":[46,138],"introduction":[48],"small":[51,79,86,108,157],"cell":[52,80,87,109,158],"base":[53],"station":[54],"(BS)":[55],"due":[56,68],"its":[58,113],"low":[59,75],"transmit":[60,76],"power":[61,77],"consumption":[62],"and":[63,74,111,121,133,142,151],"flexibility":[64],"deployment.":[66],"However,":[67],"complex":[71],"deployment":[72],"environment":[73],"BSs,":[81],"coverage":[83,103,123,131],"boundary":[84,104],"BSs":[88],"will":[89],"not":[90],"have":[91],"regular":[94],"shape.":[95],"Therefore,":[96],"paper,":[99],"we":[100,146],"discuss":[101,152],"ultra-dense":[107,156],"give":[112],"main":[114],"features:":[115],"aeolotropy":[116],"path":[118],"loss":[119],"fading":[120],"fractal":[122,143],"boundary.":[124],"Simple":[125],"performance":[126],"analysis":[127],"given,":[129],"including":[130],"probability":[132],"transmission":[134],"rate,":[135],"etc.,":[136],"based":[137],"stochastic":[139],"geometry":[140],"theory":[141],"theory.":[144],"Finally,":[145],"present":[147],"application":[149],"scene":[150],"challenges":[153],"network.":[159]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2607457196","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-01-15T22:14:50.848604","created_date":"2017-04-28"}