{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2560324500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122095","title":"A Wide-Swath Spaceborne TOPS SAR Image Formation Algorithm Based on Chirp Scaling and Chirp-Z Transform","display_name":"A Wide-Swath Spaceborne TOPS SAR Image Formation Algorithm Based on Chirp Scaling and Chirp-Z Transform","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2560324500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122095","mag":"2560324500","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27941706","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5191075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122095","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2095/pdf?version=1481287460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2095/pdf?version=1481287460","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047073083","display_name":"Wei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-294X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332980","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041138969","display_name":"Hongcheng Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-9980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101779357","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0278-7743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062908102","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic and Electronic Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1-3JD, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Electronic Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1-3JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100332980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.847,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.697984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":83,"max":84},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"12","first_page":"2095","last_page":"2095"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.6660031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliasing","display_name":"Aliasing","score":0.5891419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation","score":0.5871617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-scaling","display_name":"Image scaling","score":0.4335458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.41070968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.87938595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6697967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.6660031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5967962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4069607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868732","display_name":"Aliasing","level":3,"score":0.5891419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5871617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5044967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.48068628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27405340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440296","display_name":"Image scaling","level":4,"score":0.4335458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41315967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.41070968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3700013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32993883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3211753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24248004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21963781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.18548122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.108337164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10664186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122095","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2095/pdf?version=1481287460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96ebd2da8dc54483b8a78f175d1ab192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5191075","pdf_url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5191075?pdf=render","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Bioinformatics Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5191075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109744/1/sensors-16-02095%20%281%29.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109744/1/sensors-16-02095%20%281%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196101","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","host_organization_name":"University of Leeds","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Leeds"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27941706","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122095","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/12/2095/pdf?version=1481287460","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178471668","https://openalex.org/W1825680003","https://openalex.org/W1905336297","https://openalex.org/W1963626364","https://openalex.org/W2009163854","https://openalex.org/W2015032584","https://openalex.org/W2018438510","https://openalex.org/W2070538293","https://openalex.org/W2103030298","https://openalex.org/W2114152188","https://openalex.org/W2116246712","https://openalex.org/W2120024360","https://openalex.org/W2126421815","https://openalex.org/W2128960312","https://openalex.org/W2130928328","https://openalex.org/W2138038546","https://openalex.org/W2139176447","https://openalex.org/W2145528816","https://openalex.org/W2148049860","https://openalex.org/W2149010928","https://openalex.org/W2153335131","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2161208433","https://openalex.org/W2174009612","https://openalex.org/W2611997817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251921734","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W2067978743","https://openalex.org/W2043153436","https://openalex.org/W1998424290","https://openalex.org/W1996292569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,27,37,44,54,86,91,111,124,136,140,150],"terrain":[3],"observation":[4],"by":[5,33],"progressive":[6],"scans":[7],"(TOPS)":[8],"mode,":[9],"an":[10],"efficient":[11],"full-aperture":[12],"image":[13,62,142],"formation":[14],"algorithm":[15],"for":[16,131,139],"focusing":[17],"wide-swath":[18,92],"spaceborne":[19],"TOPS":[20],"data":[21],"is":[22,41,58,101],"proposed.":[23],"First,":[24],"to":[25,60,122,148],"overcome":[26],"Doppler":[28],"frequency":[29],"spectrum":[30],"aliasing":[31],"caused":[32],"azimuth":[34,55,82,118,126],"antenna":[35],"steering,":[36],"range-independent":[38],"derotation":[39,48],"operation":[40,57,138],"adopted,":[42],"and":[43,81,117,127],"signal":[45],"properties":[46],"after":[47],"are":[49,120,146],"derived":[50],"in":[51,64,76,90],"detail.":[52],"Then,":[53],"deramp":[56,107],"performed":[59,121],"resolve":[61],"folding":[63],"azimuth.":[65],"The":[66],"traditional":[67],"dermap":[68],"function":[69,108],"will":[70],"introduce":[71],"a":[72,98,104],"time":[73],"shift,":[74],"resulting":[75],"appearance":[77],"of":[78,135],"ghost":[79],"targets":[80],"resolution":[83],"reduction":[84],"at":[85],"scene":[87],"edge,":[88],"especially":[89],"coverage":[93],"case.":[94],"To":[95],"avoid":[96],"this,":[97],"novel":[99],"solution":[100],"provided":[102,147],"using":[103],"modified":[105],"range-dependent":[106],"combined":[109],"with":[110],"chirp-z":[112],"transform.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"range":[115,128],"scaling":[116,119],"provide":[123],"same":[125],"sampling":[129],"interval":[130],"all":[132],"sub-swaths,":[133],"instead":[134],"interpolation":[137],"sub-swath":[141],"mosaic.":[143],"Simulation":[144],"results":[145],"validate":[149],"proposed":[151],"algorithm.":[152]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2560324500","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-04-17T15:39:07.056712","created_date":"2016-12-16"}