{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2341130385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040329","title":"Classification and Segmentation of Satellite Orthoimagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Classification and Segmentation of Satellite Orthoimagery Using Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2341130385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040329","mag":"2341130385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040329","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/4/329/pdf?version=1460636417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/4/329/pdf?version=1460636417","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065061690","display_name":"Martin L\u00e4ngkvist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-7181"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin L\u00e4ngkvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005870711","display_name":"Andrey Kiselev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-3728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrey Kiselev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086661628","display_name":"Marjan Alirezaie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4001-2087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Alirezaie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025841244","display_name":"Amy Loutfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-693X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26437253","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kytsw45","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amy Loutfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems, \u00d6rebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, \u00d6rebro 701 82, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065061690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26437253"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":1472,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1587},"fwci":39.547,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":286,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999838,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"329","last_page":"329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthophoto","display_name":"Orthophoto","score":0.8093685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-surface","display_name":"Digital surface","score":0.42777532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922585","display_name":"Orthophoto","level":2,"score":0.8093685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76197016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7385606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6643449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6085627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5924186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.53029656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.5235736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.517594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983128922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1789829","display_name":"Digital surface","level":3,"score":0.42777532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32527083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1414783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040329","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/4/329/pdf?version=1460636417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2bbb374a3ba74f30b12260a059f67114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040329","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/8/4/329/pdf?version=1460636417","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.78}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535289548","https://openalex.org/W1546771929","https://openalex.org/W1586730761","https://openalex.org/W1603160074","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1912954554","https://openalex.org/W1963985200","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1986738039","https://openalex.org/W1987720905","https://openalex.org/W1989316905","https://openalex.org/W1990372984","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W1999019712","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2018257962","https://openalex.org/W2022508996","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2026430219","https://openalex.org/W2043665634","https://openalex.org/W2066916495","https://openalex.org/W2071068479","https://openalex.org/W2073056054","https://openalex.org/W2074222846","https://openalex.org/W2079435786","https://openalex.org/W2085079766","https://openalex.org/W2087951500","https://openalex.org/W2090424610","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2098809899","https://openalex.org/W2098829640","https://openalex.org/W2101197957","https://openalex.org/W2102049927","https://openalex.org/W2107789863","https://openalex.org/W2109992539","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2121783958","https://openalex.org/W2122892105","https://openalex.org/W2127070009","https://openalex.org/W2131386954","https://openalex.org/W2133616956","https://openalex.org/W2140702875","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2143884379","https://openalex.org/W2147423506","https://openalex.org/W2147768505","https://openalex.org/W2150990614","https://openalex.org/W2153425333","https://openalex.org/W2156222070","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2159957997","https://openalex.org/W2160826497","https://openalex.org/W2161241309","https://openalex.org/W2161943337","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2170653440","https://openalex.org/W2190186811","https://openalex.org/W2229291734","https://openalex.org/W2291068538","https://openalex.org/W2324379549","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W258213556","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963038646","https://openalex.org/W2998216295","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W73112891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106935351","https://openalex.org/W3031409065","https://openalex.org/W3020554166","https://openalex.org/W3000466408","https://openalex.org/W3000045449","https://openalex.org/W2999269514","https://openalex.org/W2103191488","https://openalex.org/W2089896741","https://openalex.org/W1986643118","https://openalex.org/W1582871225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,84,123],"availability":[1],"of":[2,21,48,76,121,125,134],"high-resolution":[3],"remote":[4,154],"sensing":[5,155],"(HRRS)":[6],"data":[7],"has":[8],"opened":[9],"up":[10],"the":[11,70,77,102,126,135,147],"possibility":[12],"for":[13,52,144,153],"new":[14],"interesting":[15],"applications,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"per-pixel":[19,58,109],"classification":[20,103,110,128],"individual":[22],"objects":[23],"in":[24],"greater":[25],"detail.":[26],"This":[27],"paper":[28],"shows":[29],"how":[30],"a":[31,43,49,53,118,141],"convolutional":[32],"neural":[33],"network":[34],"(CNN)":[35],"can":[36],"be":[37],"applied":[38],"to":[39,68,107],"multispectral":[40],"orthoimagery":[41],"and":[42,56,82,99,101,129,149],"digital":[44],"surface":[45],"model":[46],"(DSM)":[47],"small":[50],"city":[51],"full,":[54],"fast":[55],"accurate":[57],"classification.":[59],"predicted":[61],"low-level":[62],"pixel":[63],"classes":[64],"are":[65,80,140],"then":[66],"used":[67],"improve":[69],"high-level":[71],"segmentation.":[72],"Various":[73],"design":[74],"choices":[75],"CNN":[78],"architecture":[79],"evaluated":[81],"analyzed.":[83],"investigated":[85],"land":[86,114],"area":[87],"is":[88,105],"fully":[89],"manually":[90],"labeled":[91],"into":[92],"five":[93],"categories":[94],"(vegetation,":[95],"ground,":[96],"roads,":[97],"buildings":[98],"water),":[100],"accuracy":[104],"compared":[106],"other":[108,113],"works":[111],"on":[112,131],"areas":[115],"that":[116,138],"have":[117],"similar":[119],"choice":[120],"categories.":[122],"results":[124],"full":[127],"segmentation":[130,148],"selected":[132],"segments":[133],"map":[136],"show":[137],"CNNs":[139],"viable":[142],"tool":[143],"solving":[145],"both":[146],"object":[150],"recognition":[151],"task":[152],"data.":[156]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2341130385","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-03-26T20:33:46.826232","created_date":"2016-06-24"}