{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393096288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061112","title":"Optimal Configuration of Omega-Kappa FF-SAR Processing for Specular and Non-Specular Targets in Altimetric Data: The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Study Case","display_name":"Optimal Configuration of Omega-Kappa FF-SAR Processing for Specular and Non-Specular Targets in Altimetric Data: The Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich Study Case","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393096288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1112/pdf?version=1711074341","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1112/pdf?version=1711074341","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082262806","display_name":"Samira Amraoui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095365","display_name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7mnz48","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira Amraoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044095745","display_name":"Pietro Guccione","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7126-0040"},"institutions":[],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Guccione","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARESYS SRL, 20132 Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARESYS SRL, 20132 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075323166","display_name":"Thomas Moreau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-3419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095365","display_name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7mnz48","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Moreau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105710340","display_name":"M. I. R. Alves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095365","display_name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7mnz48","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017524055","display_name":"Ourania Altiparmaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-0676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ourania Altiparmaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002865585","display_name":"Charles Peureux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-0944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095365","display_name":"Collecte Localisation Satellites (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/00q7mnz48","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048","https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Peureux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collecte Localisation Satellites, 31520 Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095365"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009759485","display_name":"Lisa Recchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2488-6283"},"institutions":[],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Recchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARESYS SRL, 20132 Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARESYS SRL, 20132 Milan, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040274669","display_name":"Claire Maraldi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire Maraldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d\u2019\u00c9tudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d\u2019\u00c9tudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084391932","display_name":"F. Boy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1925-1558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799535048","display_name":"Centre National d'\u00c9tudes Spatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1h0y33","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fran\u00e7ois Boy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National d\u2019\u00c9tudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National d\u2019\u00c9tudes Spatiales, 31400 Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799535048"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055769454","display_name":"Craig Donlon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-0115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44377176","display_name":"European Space Research and Technology Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03h3jqn23","country_code":"NL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801994115","https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig Donlon","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Space Agency, ESTEC/EOP-SME, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Space Agency, ESTEC/EOP-SME, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44377176"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":1.917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.772985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":83,"max":92},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"1112","last_page":"1112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.7592493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779557605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9890","display_name":"Omega","level":2,"score":0.6141043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5983147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46881318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.32249808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18164563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1112/pdf?version=1711074341","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5fcc82ce-8371-40fb-a0e8-afa54887def4","pdf_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_33b35c09-6709-4f0e-a258-5c02b29dbd7d","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Delft University of Technology"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16061112","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/6/1112/pdf?version=1711074341","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.84}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","funder_display_name":"European Space Agency","award_id":"4000134346/21/NL/AD"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032366730","https://openalex.org/W2096320880","https://openalex.org/W2169931542","https://openalex.org/W2527159626","https://openalex.org/W2901981919","https://openalex.org/W2912134034","https://openalex.org/W3036870042","https://openalex.org/W3082030783","https://openalex.org/W3107433326","https://openalex.org/W3167626499","https://openalex.org/W3205004566","https://openalex.org/W4220773870","https://openalex.org/W4284897065","https://openalex.org/W4285656733","https://openalex.org/W4309724037","https://openalex.org/W4321493317","https://openalex.org/W4323304418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389501116","https://openalex.org/W4388910335","https://openalex.org/W4353109604","https://openalex.org/W2755051635","https://openalex.org/W2738017471","https://openalex.org/W2730225583","https://openalex.org/W2559833131","https://openalex.org/W2175900582","https://openalex.org/W2123949214","https://openalex.org/W2033029047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26,77],"this":[1,28,75,125,201,226],"study,":[2],"the":[3,10,41,79,92,97,111,129,133,144,151,194,209,223,248,297],"full-focusing":[4],"(FF)":[5],"algorithm":[6,164],"is":[7,128,198,311],"reviewed":[8],"with":[9,242,302],"objective":[11],"of":[12,21,35,59,74,113,132,225,250,281,300],"optimizing":[13],"it":[14,206,315],"for":[15,40,162,200,266,284],"processing":[16,38],"data":[17],"from":[18,116,296],"different":[19,318],"types":[20],"surfaces":[22,258],"probed":[23],"in":[24,91,124,138,166,208],"altimetry.":[25],"particular,":[27],"work":[29,149],"aims":[30],"to":[31,67,88,109,122,193,246],"provide":[32,110],"a":[33,56,106,139,303,306],"set":[34],"optimal":[36,163],"FF":[37,117,134,240,253],"parameters":[39],"Sentinel-6":[42],"Michael":[43],"Freilich":[44],"(S6-MF)":[45],"mission.":[46],"The":[47,182,287],"S6-MF":[48,232,239,277],"satellite":[49],"carries":[50],"an":[51],"advanced":[52],"radar":[53],"altimeter":[54,84],"offering":[55],"wide":[57],"range":[58],"potential":[60,249],"FF-based":[61],"applications":[62],"which":[63,136,186],"are":[64,86,234,264],"just":[65],"beginning":[66],"be":[68,89,101,105],"explored":[69],"and":[70,156,159,173,178,217],"require":[71],"prior":[72],"optimization":[73,126],"processing.":[76,118,147,254],"S6-MF,":[78],"Synthetic":[80],"Aperture":[81],"Radar":[82],"(SAR)":[83],"acquisitions":[85,233],"known":[87],"aliased":[90],"along-track":[93],"direction.":[94],"Depending":[95],"on":[96,222,272,305],"target,":[98],"aliasing":[99],"can":[100],"tolerated":[102],"or":[103],"may":[104],"severe":[107],"impairment":[108],"level":[112],"performance":[114],"expected":[115],"Another":[119],"key":[120],"aspect":[121],"consider":[123],"study":[127,288],"unprecedented":[130],"resolution":[131],"processing,":[135],"results":[137,224],"higher":[140],"posting":[141,154],"rate":[142,155],"than":[143],"standard":[145],"SAR":[146],"This":[148,309],"investigates":[150],"relationship":[152],"between":[153],"noise":[157],"levels":[158],"provides":[160],"recommendations":[161],"configurations":[165],"various":[167],"scenarios,":[168],"including":[169],"transponder,":[170],"open":[171],"ocean,":[172],"specular":[174,257],"targets":[175],"like":[176],"sea-ice":[177],"inland":[179],"water":[180],"scenes.":[181],"Omega\u2013Kappa":[183],"(WK)":[184],"algorithm,":[185,197],"has":[187],"demonstrated":[188],"superior":[189],"CPU":[190],"efficiency":[191],"compared":[192],"back-projection":[195],"(BP)":[196],"considered":[199],"study.":[202],"But,":[203],"unlike":[204],"BP,":[205],"operates":[207],"Doppler":[210],"frequency":[211],"domain,":[212],"necessitating":[213],"further":[214],"precise":[215],"spectral":[216,324],"time":[218],"domain":[219],"settings.":[220],"Based":[221],"work,":[227],"real":[228],"case":[229,310],"studies":[230],"using":[231],"presented.":[235],"We":[236],"first":[237],"compare":[238],"radargrams":[241],"Sentinel-1":[243],"(S1)":[244],"images":[245],"showcase":[247],"optimally":[251],"configured":[252],"For":[255],"highly":[256],"such":[259],"as":[260,314],"sea-ice,":[261],"distinct":[262],"techniques":[263],"employed":[265],"lead":[267,285],"signature":[268],"identification.":[269],"S1":[270],"relies":[271],"image-based":[273],"lineic":[274],"reconstruction,":[275],"while":[276],"utilizes":[278],"phase":[279],"coherency":[280],"focalized":[282],"pulses":[283],"detection.":[286],"also":[289],"delves":[290],"into":[291],"two-dimensional":[292],"wave":[293],"spectra":[294],"derived":[295],"amplitude":[298],"modulation":[299],"image/radargrams,":[301],"focus":[304],"coastal":[307],"example.":[308],"especially":[312],"intriguing,":[313],"vividly":[316],"illustrates":[317],"sea":[319],"states":[320],"characterized":[321],"by":[322],"varying":[323],"peak":[325],"positions":[326],"over":[327],"time.":[328]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4393096288","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-01-21T04:29:36.132228","created_date":"2024-03-23"}