{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384067766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143495","title":"Wetland Mapping in Great Lakes Using Sentinel-1/2 Time-Series Imagery and DEM Data in Google Earth Engine","display_name":"Wetland Mapping in Great Lakes Using Sentinel-1/2 Time-Series Imagery and DEM Data in Google Earth Engine","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384067766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3495/pdf?version=1689077586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3495/pdf?version=1689077586","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040303467","display_name":"Farzane Mohseni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1541-1393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzane Mohseni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020765155","display_name":"Meisam Amani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-4010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meisam Amani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","WSP Environment and Infrastructure Canada Limited, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L5, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"WSP Environment and Infrastructure Canada Limited, Ottawa, ON K2E 7L5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064901792","display_name":"Pegah Mohammadpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8628-3563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pegah Mohammadpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ of Coimbra, ADAI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal","Universidad de Alcala, Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, Colegios 2, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ of Coimbra, ADAI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, P\u00f3lo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Alcala, Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, Colegios 2, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014312130","display_name":"Mohammad Kakooei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2318-8216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kakooei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chalmers University of Technology, R\u00e4nnv\u00e4gen 6, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chalmers University of Technology, R\u00e4nnv\u00e4gen 6, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052926185","display_name":"Shuanggen Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-4828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799714274","display_name":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/003n8re58","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanggen Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799714274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075809156","display_name":"Armin Moghimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0455-4882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Moghimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Franzius Institute of Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 4, 30167 Hannover, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Franzius Institute of Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal Engineering, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 4, 30167 Hannover, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020765155"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707},"fwci":1.748,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999909,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"14","first_page":"3495","last_page":"3495"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swamp","display_name":"Swamp","score":0.71962845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.53833055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shrubland","display_name":"Shrubland","score":0.41820097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.8792632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79414745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166735","display_name":"Swamp","level":2,"score":0.71962845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.62709343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.60991514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67268981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30198","display_name":"Marsh","level":3,"score":0.5422988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.53833055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.41865283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59898753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879641","display_name":"Shrubland","level":3,"score":0.41820097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26900142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.21288234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15008208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08363822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3495/pdf?version=1689077586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3495/pdf?version=1689558013","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/536920","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/536920/file/536920_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chalmers University of Technology"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/handle/123456789/15348","pdf_url":"https://www.repo.uni-hannover.de/bitstream/123456789/15348/1/Wetland_Mapping_in_Great_Lakes.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401575","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover (Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_indexed_in_scopus":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","host_organization_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Leibniz University Hannover"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143495","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/14/3495/pdf?version=1689077586","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.61,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581918324","https://openalex.org/W1970323848","https://openalex.org/W2004621107","https://openalex.org/W2056435747","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2111256709","https://openalex.org/W2136873865","https://openalex.org/W2142356726","https://openalex.org/W2151330086","https://openalex.org/W2168809519","https://openalex.org/W2462392794","https://openalex.org/W2538854908","https://openalex.org/W2612271937","https://openalex.org/W2618642435","https://openalex.org/W2673581580","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2740982025","https://openalex.org/W2772365113","https://openalex.org/W2776305546","https://openalex.org/W2776389780","https://openalex.org/W2782438771","https://openalex.org/W2789311837","https://openalex.org/W2793276707","https://openalex.org/W2793927960","https://openalex.org/W2802685919","https://openalex.org/W2811244448","https://openalex.org/W2884352191","https://openalex.org/W2884821113","https://openalex.org/W2890225206","https://openalex.org/W2898245673","https://openalex.org/W2912313598","https://openalex.org/W2921554645","https://openalex.org/W2926385963","https://openalex.org/W2938610884","https://openalex.org/W2961186686","https://openalex.org/W2964849433","https://openalex.org/W2990370456","https://openalex.org/W2998342770","https://openalex.org/W3003630756","https://openalex.org/W3011860789","https://openalex.org/W3014154233","https://openalex.org/W3014372673","https://openalex.org/W3023058341","https://openalex.org/W3035430527","https://openalex.org/W3082766779","https://openalex.org/W3084159167","https://openalex.org/W3088771428","https://openalex.org/W3090059723","https://openalex.org/W3094171127","https://openalex.org/W3106378566","https://openalex.org/W3106828477","https://openalex.org/W3126691167","https://openalex.org/W3139711038","https://openalex.org/W3159272583","https://openalex.org/W3187037246","https://openalex.org/W3196720155","https://openalex.org/W3201985298","https://openalex.org/W3206333044","https://openalex.org/W3210019702","https://openalex.org/W4205343656","https://openalex.org/W4205424174","https://openalex.org/W4205779174","https://openalex.org/W4211264314","https://openalex.org/W4283580205","https://openalex.org/W4285804374","https://openalex.org/W4292451749","https://openalex.org/W4297094388","https://openalex.org/W630852688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253878891","https://openalex.org/W367904347","https://openalex.org/W2977665201","https://openalex.org/W2597461290","https://openalex.org/W2424650371","https://openalex.org/W2390655568","https://openalex.org/W2356619293","https://openalex.org/W2352799931","https://openalex.org/W2351639072","https://openalex.org/W2252446594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67],"Great":[1],"Lakes":[2],"(GL)":[3],"wetlands":[4,17,189],"support":[5],"a":[6,34,105,149,176],"variety":[7],"of":[8,37,128,146,152,173,179],"rare":[9],"and":[10,13,24,28,85,94,102,121,130,148,175,194],"endangered":[11],"animal":[12],"plant":[14],"species.":[15],"Thus,":[16],"in":[18],"this":[19,32,55],"region":[20],"should":[21],"be":[22],"mapped":[23],"monitored":[25],"using":[26,42,92,104],"advanced":[27],"reliable":[29],"techniques.":[30],"In":[31,75,111],"study,":[33],"wetland":[35,115,167],"map":[36],"the":[38,46,76,112,135,138,155,159,166],"GL":[39,139],"was":[40,162],"produced":[41],"Sentinel-1/2":[43],"datasets":[44],"within":[45],"Google":[47],"Earth":[48],"Engine":[49],"(GEE)":[50],"cloud":[51],"computing":[52],"platform.":[53],"To":[54],"end,":[56],"an":[57,143,170],"object-based":[58],"supervised":[59],"machine":[60],"learning":[61],"(ML)":[62],"classification":[63,73],"workflow":[64],"is":[65],"proposed.":[66],"proposed":[68,136,160],"method":[69,161],"contains":[70],"two":[71,125],"main":[72],"steps.":[74],"first":[77],"step,":[78,114],"several":[79],"non-wetland":[80,126],"classes":[81,127,168,182],"(e.g.,":[82],"Barren,":[83],"Cropland,":[84],"Open":[86],"Water),":[87],"which":[88],"are":[89],"more":[90,186],"distinguishable":[91],"radar":[93],"optical":[95],"Remote":[96],"Sensing":[97],"(RS)":[98],"observations,":[99],"were":[100,132,140,183],"identified":[101,185],"masked":[103],"trained":[106],"Random":[107],"Forest":[108,129],"(RF)":[109],"model.":[110],"second":[113],"classes,":[116],"including":[117],"Fen,":[118],"Bog,":[119],"Swamp,":[120],"Marsh,":[122],"along":[123],"with":[124,142,169],"Grassland/Shrubland":[131],"identified.":[133],"Using":[134],"method,":[137],"classified":[141],"overall":[144,171],"accuracy":[145,172,191],"93.6%":[147],"Kappa":[150,177,195],"coefficient":[151,178,196],"0.90.":[153],"Additionally,":[154],"results":[156],"showed":[157],"that":[158],"able":[163],"to":[164],"classify":[165],"87%":[174],"0.91.":[180],"Non-wetland":[181],"also":[184],"accurately":[187],"than":[188],"(overall":[190],"=":[192,197],"96.62%":[193],"0.95).":[198]},"abstract_inverted_index_v3":null,"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4384067766","counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-03-20T12:08:55.859465","created_date":"2023-07-13"}