{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4362732987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081979","title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Maize Emergence Using UAV Imagery and Deep Learning","display_name":"Quantitative Evaluation of Maize Emergence Using UAV Imagery and Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4362732987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081979","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1979/pdf?version=1681105954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1979/pdf?version=1681105954","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005265941","display_name":"Minguo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-9596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minguo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","Frontier Technology Research Institute of China Agricultural University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Technology Research Institute of China Agricultural University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057470021","display_name":"Wen\u2010Hao Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Hao Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778085","display_name":"Xiqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9109-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52158045","display_name":"China Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v3ywz14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi-Qing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","Frontier Technology Research Institute of China Agricultural University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Technology Research Institute of China Agricultural University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100778085"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52158045"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2500,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2707,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":5.991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999978,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"1979","last_page":"1979"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.9566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.4493681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.9241731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.6813714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.58692384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.48037797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44977707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.4493681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42258772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39790872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3816014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.32739314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19738567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13378721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08231163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081979","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1979/pdf?version=1681105954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15081979","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/8/1979/pdf?version=1681105954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_indexed_in_scopus":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award_id":"2022ZD0401801"}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1812582463","https://openalex.org/W1981997615","https://openalex.org/W2043571909","https://openalex.org/W2086907080","https://openalex.org/W2095137775","https://openalex.org/W2147680910","https://openalex.org/W2191782580","https://openalex.org/W2312192808","https://openalex.org/W2614727949","https://openalex.org/W2616262716","https://openalex.org/W2624387057","https://openalex.org/W2774368713","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2886765804","https://openalex.org/W2934229382","https://openalex.org/W2946413603","https://openalex.org/W2955848879","https://openalex.org/W2965666581","https://openalex.org/W2986559165","https://openalex.org/W2991423016","https://openalex.org/W3007054076","https://openalex.org/W3022690034","https://openalex.org/W3026300872","https://openalex.org/W3029770102","https://openalex.org/W3036851007","https://openalex.org/W3065732173","https://openalex.org/W3098368495","https://openalex.org/W3148316247","https://openalex.org/W3181471858","https://openalex.org/W3183146414","https://openalex.org/W3206704828","https://openalex.org/W3214328303","https://openalex.org/W4224035261","https://openalex.org/W4226213190","https://openalex.org/W4229049113","https://openalex.org/W4238732474","https://openalex.org/W4280519543","https://openalex.org/W4281983142","https://openalex.org/W4293079662","https://openalex.org/W4298142525","https://openalex.org/W4313594075","https://openalex.org/W4383163496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367326027","https://openalex.org/W4321202328","https://openalex.org/W3175452992","https://openalex.org/W3003516685","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2896552237","https://openalex.org/W2467782436","https://openalex.org/W2390309639","https://openalex.org/W2349599366","https://openalex.org/W2076095464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"assessment":[1],"of":[2,36,53,65,82,112,122,141,154,181,186,212,228,243,248,250,256,262,264,272,299],"crop":[3,9,66],"emergence":[4,23,67,85,214],"helps":[5],"breeders":[6],"select":[7],"appropriate":[8],"genotypes,":[10],"and":[11,34,42,44,51,116,118,147,183,190,215,225,233,268,281,296,302],"farmers":[12],"make":[13],"timely":[14],"field":[15],"management":[16],"decisions":[17],"to":[18,30,46,104,137,158],"increase":[19],"maize":[20,83,145,173,293,307],"yields.":[21],"Crop":[22],"is":[24,39,205],"conventionally":[25],"quantified":[26],"by":[27,156],"manual":[28],"calculations":[29],"quantify":[31],"the":[32,48,69,79,106,110,119,123,139,142,166,202,222,240,246,253,257,260,265,269,273,286,292],"number":[33],"size":[35],"seedlings,":[37],"which":[38],"laborious,":[40],"inefficient,":[41],"unreliable":[43],"fails":[45],"visualize":[47],"spatial":[49],"distribution":[50,210],"uniformity":[52,297],"seedlings.":[54],"Phenotyping":[55],"technology":[56],"based":[57,86,220],"on":[58,87,221],"remote":[59],"sensing":[60],"allows":[61],"for":[62,78,109,144,152,172,239],"high-throughput":[63],"evaluation":[64,140],"at":[68],"early":[70],"growth":[71,216,295],"stage.":[72],"This":[73],"study":[74,134],"developed":[75],"a":[76,88],"system":[77,124,143,167,288],"rapid":[80],"estimation":[81,237],"seedling":[84,113,174,213,229,231,234,244,251,258,266,274],"deep":[89],"learning":[90],"algorithm.":[91],"The":[92,162,196,209,236],"RGB":[93],"images":[94],"acquired":[95],"from":[96],"an":[97,177,184],"unmanned":[98],"aerial":[99],"vehicle":[100],"(UAV)":[101],"were":[102,217,276],"used":[103],"develop":[105],"optimal":[107],"model":[108],"recognition":[111],"location,":[114],"spacing,":[115,230,245,252],"size,":[117],"prediction":[120,170,197],"performance":[121,171],"was":[125,135],"evaluated":[126],"in":[127],"three":[128],"stations":[129],"during":[130],"2021\u20132022.":[131],"A":[132],"case":[133],"conducted":[136],"show":[138,164],"seedlings":[146],"combined":[148],"with":[149,176,305],"TOPSIS":[150],"(Technique":[151],"Order":[153],"Preference":[155],"Similarity":[157],"Ideal":[159],"Solution)":[160],"analysis.":[161],"results":[163],"that":[165],"has":[168],"good":[169],"count":[175],"average":[178,223,241,254,270],"R2":[179],"value":[180,224,242,255,271],"0.96":[182],"accuracy":[185,198],"92%;":[187],"however,":[188],"shadows":[189],"planting":[191,203],"density":[192,204],"influence":[193],"its":[194],"accuracy.":[195],"reduces":[199],"significantly":[200],"when":[201],"above":[206],"90,000":[207],"plants/ha.":[208],"characteristics":[211,298],"also":[218],"calculated":[219],"variation":[226,249,263],"coefficient":[227,247,261],"area,":[232,259,267],"length.":[235],"accuracies":[238],"length":[275],"87.52,":[277],"87.55,":[278],"82.69,":[279],"84.51,":[280],"90.32%,":[282],"respectively.":[283],"In":[284],"conclusion,":[285],"proposed":[287],"can":[289],"quickly":[290],"analyze":[291],"seeding":[294],"experimental":[300],"plots":[301,304],"locate":[303],"poor":[306],"emergence.":[308]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4362732987","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-01-20T06:50:02.520834","created_date":"2023-04-10"}